语法(特殊句式)

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1、语法专项讲练特殊句式语法精讲一、强调句强调句的基本句型是“It is/was被强 调的部分that/who其他部分”。被强调 的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。强调句 型的使用特点主要有以下几个方面: (1)被强调的是状语或状语从句时,要 用that引导从句,而不能用which,而且通 常不能省略。语法精讲It was in the park that I met him. 我是在公园里遇到他的。 It was in 1964 that the first telephone satellite was set up by the Group of 17 Countries. 17国集团发射第一

2、颗电话卫星是在1964 年。语法精讲(2008年高考全国卷)It was in New Zealand_Elizabeth first met Mr.Smith. Athat Bhow Cwhich Dwhen 【解析】 句意:伊丽莎白第一次见到 史密斯先生是在新西兰。本题考查强调结构 。 【答案】 A考点链接语法精讲(2)被强调的是人时,引导词可用who, 也可用that。 Was it you that/who let out the secret to her? 是你把这个秘密泄露给她的吗?语法精讲【注意】 当被强调的是主语时,代词 要用主格形式。 It was I who put fo

3、rward the theory first. 是我最先提出这个理论的。(3)被强调的不管是单数还是复数名词 ,主句的be动词都用单数is或was。 It was Marie Curie and her husband who discovered radium. 是居里夫人和她的丈夫发现了镭。 It is the PLA men who/that are safeguarding our country day and night. 是解放军战士日夜保卫着我们的祖国。语法精讲(4)对not.until时间状语从句进行强调 时,其句型是: It is/was not until.that从句,

4、即not和 until在强调句中总是紧挨着的。注意习惯上 不用not till,而且从句不能用when引导。 It was not until the last operation was finished that Bethune left the battle hospital.语法精讲直到做完最后一个手术白求恩才离开战 地医院。 (5)强调句的疑问形式: When was it that he made up his mind to take this course? 他是什么时候决定选修这一门课程的? Why is it that he doesnt like the book? 他为

5、什么不喜欢这本书? Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?语法精讲第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗? Who was it that broke the window?打 破窗户的是谁? When was it that you called me yesterday? 你昨天给我打电话是什么时候? What is it that you want me to do?你 要我做什么?语法精讲(1)(2009年江西九校一模)_you found out the accident which happened a month ag

6、o? By looking into it. AIt was where that BWas it how that CHow was it that DWas it what that考点链接语法精讲【解析】 考查强调句型在疑问句中的 用法。根据回答可以知道应该用how,而在 特殊疑问句中语序应该用部分倒装,强调方 式的搭配为How is/was it that.。故选C。 【答案】 C语法精讲(2)(2009年石家庄检测)I still remember how many years ago_I last met her in the countryside. Awhen it was B

7、was it that Cwhen was it Dit was that 【解析】 考查强调句型。remember 后的部分是宾语从句,从句中含有一个强调 句型,被强调部分是how many years ago。 故选D。 【答案】 D语法精讲(6)强调句型与It is/was时间when从 句: 在上述句型中it指时间,when引导的是 时间状语从句。 注意两种句型“时间”表达方式的不同。 It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday. 昨天晚上我半夜才回到家。 It was midnight when I got here yeste

8、rday. 昨天当我到达这儿时,已是半夜了。语法精讲二、省略句 1状语从句的省略 (1)有些时间、条件、方式、让步状语 从句中,如果从句的主语和主句主语一致或 从句的主语为it,而且从句的谓语动词又包 含be,就可以省略从句中的“主语be”部分 。 While (I was) in Beijing,I paid a visit to the Great Wall. 在北京时,我游览了长城。语法精讲If (you are) asked,you may come in. 如果被叫到,你可以进来。 She stood at the gate as if (she was) waiting for s

9、omeone. 她站在门口好像在等人。 Though cold,he still wore a shirt. 尽管冷,他仍穿着衬衫。 (2)还有诸如:if so(如果如此);if any( 如果有);if in need(如果需要);if necessary(如果有必要)。语法精讲Errors,if (there are) any,should be corrected. 如果有什么错误,就应当改正。 Come tomorrow if (it is) possible. 有可能的话明天来。 Get up early tomorrow,if not (you dont get up early)

10、,you will miss the first bus.语法精讲明天早点起床,如果不的话,你会错过 早班车。 He may not be at home then,if so (he is not at home),leave him a note. 那时他可能不在家,如果这样给他留个 字条吧。语法精讲(2009年高考湖南卷)Every evening after dinner,if not_from work,I will spend some time walking my dog. Abeing tired Btiring Ctired Dto be tired 【解析】 句意:每天晚

11、饭后,如果不 是很累,我会花一些时间遛狗。此处为if I am not tired.的省略。 【答案】 C考点链接语法精讲2Im afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I guess等作答句,后面跟so与not分 别等于肯定或否定,宾语从句可省去。 Do you think it will rain? I hope not(that it will not rain) Do you believe our team will win? I guess so(that our team will win)语法精讲3不定式的省略,单独使用不定式符 号to。 (1)用来代替

12、动词不定式后被省略的动 词,常在be afraid,expect,forget,hope ,intend,like,love,mean,prefer, refuse,seem,try,want,wish等后面。 I asked him to see the film,but he didnt want to. 我请他去看电影,但他不想去。语法精讲(2)在have,need,ought,be going, used等后面。 I didnt want to go there,but I had to. 我不想去那儿,但我不得不去。 (3)在某些形容词glad,happy,pleased ,deli

13、ghted等后面。 Will you join in the game?你愿意加 入做游戏吗? Id be glad to.我很高兴。语法精讲(4)如果不定式中含有be,have,have been,通常保留be,have和have been。 Are you a sailor?你是海员吗? No,but I used to be.不,但我过去是 。语法精讲(2009年西城检测)The weather is getting warmer.I hope the children wont go onto the ice. I warned them_. Anot Bnot to Cnot go

14、Dwont 【解析】 考查省略。答语是“I warned them not to go onto the ice.”的省略 形式。故选B。 【答案】 B考点链接语法精讲三、反意疑问句 1陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句 must作“一定,准是”讲,可首先将句子 改为“I am sure that从句”,反意疑问部分的 动词形式根据be sure后的宾语从句的谓语动 词形式确定。 You must be hungry now,_ ?I am sure that you are hungry,arent you?You must be hungry now,arent you? 你一定饿了,是吗?

15、语法精讲You must have heard about it, _?I am sure that you have heard about it,havent you?You must have heard about it,havent you? 你一定听说过这事了,是吗?语法精讲You must have watched that football match last night,_?I am sure that you watched that football match last night,didnt you?You must have watched that football match last night, didnt you? 你昨晚一定看足球赛了,是吗?(陈述 部分有表示过去的时间状语last night)语法精讲2主句谓语动词think,believe, suppose,guess,expect,imagine的主语为 第一人称时,疑问部分的主语和谓语动词与 宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致;若他们的 主语为第二、三人称时,后面的反问部分由 主句来决定。 I dont believe he will

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