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1、主谓一致 15. 主谓一致是指： 1） 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2） 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复 数形式一致。 3） 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词 语，一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用 动词复数。例如：There is much water in the thermos(热水瓶).但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动 词用复数形式。例如：Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.15.1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数，例如： Reading and w
2、riting are very important. 读写很重要。 注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指 同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有 一个冠词。例如： The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。 典型例题 The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案B. 注： 先从时
3、态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先 排除A.，C。本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有the，在英语 中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。 15.2 主谓一致中的靠近原则 1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最 邻近的主语保持一致。例如： There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。 There are t
4、wenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 班上有二十个男孩，二十三个女孩。 2）当either or 与neither nor，连接两个主语时， 谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近 的主语一致。例如： Either you or she is to go. 不是你去，就是她去。 Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。 15.3 谓语动词与前面的主语
5、一致 当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等 词组成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语 部分一致。例如： The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。 He as well as I wants to go boating. 他和我想去划船。 15.4 谓语需用单数 1）代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语 时，或主语中含有each, ever
6、y时, 谓语需用单数。例如： Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每人都有录音机。 There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。 2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。例如： The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 天方夜谭是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。 3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把 这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。例如： Three weeks was allowed for making the
7、necessary preparations. 用三个星期来做准备。 Ten yuan is enough. 十元够了。15.5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数 1）代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词 的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如： All is right. 一切顺利。 All are present. 人都到齐了。 2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如 family, audience, crew（全体工作人员）, crowd（群众）, class, company, committee等词后
8、，谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体 中的各个成员，用单数时强调该集体的整体。例如： His family isnt very large. 他家成员不多。 His family are music lovers. 他家个个都是音乐爱好者。 但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry（家禽）等在任何情 况下都用复数形式。例如： Are there any police around? 附近有警察吗？ 3）有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。例如： A numbe
9、r of +名词复数+复数动词。 The number of +名词复数+单数动词。 A number of books have lent out. The majority of the students like English.15.6 与后接名词或代词保持一致 1）用half of, most of, none of, heaps of（大量，许多）, lots of, plenty of 等引起主语时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一 致。例如： Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的钱化在书上 了。 Most of the s
10、tudents are taking an active part in sports. 大部分 学生积极参与体育运动。 2）用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of （一格格）等 引起主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如： A series of accidents has been reported. 媒体报道了一连串的事 故。 A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 炉边有一堆木柴。 3）如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词 多用单数形式。但由mo
11、re than of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词 或代词保持一致。例如： Many a person has read the novel. 许多人读过这本书。 More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分 之六十多的学生来自这个城市。15.7 主谓一致练习 1. Each of you _ responsible for the accident. a. am b. be c. is d. are 2. Each man and woman _ the same rights. a. has b. have c. had
12、 d. is having 3. Every means _ tried but without much result. a. has been b. have been c. are d. is 4. There _ in this room. a. are too much furniture b. is too many furnitures c. are too much furnitures d. is too much furniture 5. The manager or his assistant _ planning to go. a. were b. are c. was
13、 d. be 6. Not only I but also David and Iris _ fond of playing basketball. a. am b. is c. are d. was 7. Neither Tom nor his parents _ at home. a. is b. are c. has d. was 8. Either the dean or the principal _ the meeting. a. attends b. attend c. are attending d. have attended 9. _ was wrong. a. Not t
14、he teacher but the students b. Both the students and the teacher c. Neither the teacher not the students d. Not the students but the teacher 10. “_ twenty dollars a big sum to her?” “I suppose so.” a. Will be b. Is c. Are d. Were 11. Three hours _ enough for us to finish the task. a. are b. has c. i
15、s d. were 12. Most of his savings _ in the Xin Hua Bank. a. has been kept b. is being kept c. have kept d. have been kept 13. All that can be done _. a. has done b. has been done c. have done d. have been done 14. One or perhaps more pages _. a. is missing b. has been missed c. are missing d. was missing15. More than one worker _ dismissed. a. have been b. are c. has been d. has 16. Many a student _ the importance of learning a f
