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1、主谓一致 15. 主谓一致是指: 1) 语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2) 意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复 数形式一致。 3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词 语,一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用 动词复数。例如:There is much water in the thermos(热水瓶).但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动 词用复数形式。例如:Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.15.1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数,例如: Reading and w
2、riting are very important. 读写很重要。 注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指 同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有 一个冠词。例如: The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。 典型例题 The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案B. 注: 先从时
3、态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先 排除A.,C。本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor 前没有the,在英语 中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。 15.2 主谓一致中的靠近原则 1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最 邻近的主语保持一致。例如: There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。 There are t
4、wenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 班上有二十个男孩,二十三个女孩。 2)当either or 与neither nor,连接两个主语时, 谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近 的主语一致。例如: Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。 Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。 15.3 谓语动词与前面的主语
5、一致 当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等 词组成的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语 部分一致。例如: The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。 He as well as I wants to go boating. 他和我想去划船。 15.4 谓语需用单数 1)代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语 时,或主语中含有each, ever
6、y时, 谓语需用单数。例如: Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每人都有录音机。 There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。 2)当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。例如: The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 天方夜谭是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。 3)表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把 这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。例如: Three weeks was allowed for making the
7、necessary preparations. 用三个星期来做准备。 Ten yuan is enough. 十元够了。15.5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数 1)代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词 的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如: All is right. 一切顺利。 All are present. 人都到齐了。 2)集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如 family, audience, crew(全体工作人员), crowd(群众), class, company, committee等词后
8、,谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体 中的各个成员,用单数时强调该集体的整体。例如: His family isnt very large. 他家成员不多。 His family are music lovers. 他家个个都是音乐爱好者。 但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽)等在任何情 况下都用复数形式。例如: Are there any police around? 附近有警察吗? 3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。例如: A numbe
9、r of +名词复数+复数动词。 The number of +名词复数+单数动词。 A number of books have lent out. The majority of the students like English.15.6 与后接名词或代词保持一致 1)用half of, most of, none of, heaps of(大量,许多), lots of, plenty of 等引起主语时,谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一 致。例如: Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的钱化在书上 了。 Most of the s
10、tudents are taking an active part in sports. 大部分 学生积极参与体育运动。 2)用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of (一格格)等 引起主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如: A series of accidents has been reported. 媒体报道了一连串的事 故。 A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 炉边有一堆木柴。 3)如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时,谓语动词 多用单数形式。但由mo
11、re than of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词 或代词保持一致。例如: Many a person has read the novel. 许多人读过这本书。 More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分 之六十多的学生来自这个城市。15.7 主谓一致练习 1. Each of you _ responsible for the accident. a. am b. be c. is d. are 2. Each man and woman _ the same rights. a. has b. have c. had
12、 d. is having 3. Every means _ tried but without much result. a. has been b. have been c. are d. is 4. There _ in this room. a. are too much furniture b. is too many furnitures c. are too much furnitures d. is too much furniture 5. The manager or his assistant _ planning to go. a. were b. are c. was
13、 d. be 6. Not only I but also David and Iris _ fond of playing basketball. a. am b. is c. are d. was 7. Neither Tom nor his parents _ at home. a. is b. are c. has d. was 8. Either the dean or the principal _ the meeting. a. attends b. attend c. are attending d. have attended 9. _ was wrong. a. Not t
14、he teacher but the students b. Both the students and the teacher c. Neither the teacher not the students d. Not the students but the teacher 10. “_ twenty dollars a big sum to her?” “I suppose so.” a. Will be b. Is c. Are d. Were 11. Three hours _ enough for us to finish the task. a. are b. has c. i
15、s d. were 12. Most of his savings _ in the Xin Hua Bank. a. has been kept b. is being kept c. have kept d. have been kept 13. All that can be done _. a. has done b. has been done c. have done d. have been done 14. One or perhaps more pages _. a. is missing b. has been missed c. are missing d. was missing15. More than one worker _ dismissed. a. have been b. are c. has been d. has 16. Many a student _ the importance of learning a f