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1、大学英语语法 讲解情态动词的完成时(表示对过去的说法)vmust +have +过去分词 （用于肯 定句）一定已经.vThe light is still on. They must have forgotten to turn it off when they left the room.v注:mustnt have done vcant (couldnt) +have +过去分词 （用于否定或疑问句）不可能vHe cannot have been to that town for I saw him just now.v should/ought to +have+过去分词 本应该做(却没
2、有做).vAs his best friend, you should/ought to have helped him. (but in fact, you didnt.)vshouldnt /ought not to +have +过 去分词 本不应该做(却做了).v You shouldnt have parked your car here, for its a public place.vneednt +have +过去分词 本不必做vYou neednt have waited for me. I told you yesterday I would overwork.with v
3、with + donevWith the homework finished, the boy went out.vwith + doingvWith the old man leading the way, we finally find the house.vwith + prepvWith the light on, all the students went out of the classroom.虚拟语气的用法v概念：表示说话人的愿望、假设、 猜测、或建议，而不表示客观存在 的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的 特殊形式来表示 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句(1) 与过去事实相反vIfhad
4、+done, would (should, could, might) +have +donevIf you had taken my advice, you wouldnt have failed in the exam. v与现在事实相反vIf + did (bewere)，would (should, could, might) + dovIf he had time, he would attend the meeting.vIf I were you, I should study English.v与将来事实相反vIf + did (bewere) / were to / shou
5、ld+ do,would (should, could, might) + dovIf you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.vIf it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.v虚拟语气用于宾语从句v在表示建议、要求、命令类的动词后面 的宾语从句中用(should) + do。v如: advise, suggest, propose, request, require, insist, demand, order, command, desire vWe suggested
6、that we (should) have a meeting.vWe insisted that the meeting (should) be cancelled. v注意：suggest 作“暗示，表明”解 时，insist 作“坚决认为”解时不用 虚拟语气，而用一般的时态。vMike insisted that he had never stolen anything. vHer sun-tanned face suggested that she was in excellent health.v虚拟语气用于主语从句vIt is necessary (important, natur
7、al, strange, essential, etc.) that sb (should) +动词原形 vThis is a very difficult operation. It is essential that you be prepared for emergency.vIt is be suggested (desired, ordered, proposed, advised, etc.) that sb (should) + dov虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句v作advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion
8、, request，wish等名词的表语从句、 同位语从句。其谓语动词用 (should ) +动词原形vWe all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.vit is (high) time sb + did vIt is (high) time we left.v虚拟语气用于if only引导的感叹 句中(要是就好了)vIf only I had taken his advice.vaccount for: 解释某事物的原因vPlease account for your rude
9、behavior.vbring up:抚养vShe was brought up by her aunt.vget through:(设法)完成;(使)通过vThere is a lot of work to get through.vShe got all her pupils through the test.vtry to do:设法做某事vWe try to finish the work on time.vendeavor (fml.) to do:设法做某事vWe endeavor to finish the work on time.vsucceed (in) doing 成功做
10、某事vWe succeed in finishing the work on time.vas a result:结果vAs a result, two people were killed in the accident.vby the way:顺便vBy the way, please give it to Mary.von the contrary:与此相反vIt doesnt seem ugly to me; on the contrary, I think its rather beautiful.vpick out:挑出vHe picked out the ripe peach.v
11、make out:辨认vCan you make out what that sign says?vgive off:发出(蒸汽,光等)vThe food gave off a bad smell.vseparate:分开vseparatefromvcompare:比较vcompareto/withvcontrast:vcontrast (to/with) 对比，相 比vcome up with:提出vHe came up a new idea for increasing sales.vcatch up with:赶上vAfter a term, she caught up with the
12、 other students in her class.vkeep up with:跟上vWe should keep up with the pace of the modern society.定语从句 v在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句 叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代 词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系 代词有who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词when, where, why等。他们在定语从句中担任句 子成分。vwho（代替人）: vI know the man who/that is standing under the tree over there.
13、vwhom: vThe doctor (whom) you are looking for is in the room.vWho stands near the river is our school. vwhose（可代替人和物）vDo you know the man whose name is Wang Yu?vI live in a room whose windows face south. vwhich（代替物）vThe building which stands near the river is our school. vthat(可代替人和物)vThe letter (th
14、at ) I received was from my father.v注意:在下面几种情况下必须用“that”v1. 先行词是不定代词：all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything vAll that (what) we have to do is to practise every day. v2.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级 所修饰。vThe first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten.v3.先行词被all, any every, few, little, no,
15、some等修饰。v I have read all the books (that ) you gave me.vwhen vI will never forget the day when I met Mr. Liu.vwhereThis is the place where we lived for 5 years.vwhyv I know the reason why he came late.v限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成 部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。v非限制性定语从句一般用逗号把主 句和从句分开。通常关系代词不能 省略，不用that。vI have two sisters
16、, who are both students.v关系代词which ，as可指代前面整 句话的内容。vAs we all know, he studies very hard.vP184第49题倒装句v英语的正常语序是主语在前，谓语 在后。但有时为了强调或为了语法 结构的需要，可以将谓语的全部或 部分提到主语之前。这种语法现象 叫做倒装。全倒装：把全部谓语放在主语之前。v以 out, in, up, down, away, here, there,等副词开头的句子里。vHere comes the bus.部分倒装： 把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前否定副词提前的句型中，否定副词有hardly, not , nowhere, seldom, not only, scarcely, never, little, at no time, in
