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1、名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、 同位语从句，其关联词有连接词that, if, whether; 疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when,where, how, why等。名词性从句 1.主语从句 主语从句在句中作主语。它可以放在主 句谓语动词之前，但多数情况由it作形式 主语，而把主语从句放在主语之后。例 如： Who did that is known to all. 谁做的那 件事，众所周知。 Its reported that no one was killed in the earthquake. 据报道地震中没有人死 亡。2.宾语从句 宾语从句在句
2、中作及物动词或介词的宾语。 We can learn what we did not know. 我们要学 习我们未知的东西。 如果主句的谓语动词是及物动词make, find, see, hear等，则把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之 后，用it作为形式宾语。 We find it necessary that we practise spoken English every day. 我们发现每天练习口语英 语很有必要。 A teacher must see it that every one of his students is treated properly. 老师必须负责每 位学生都能得
3、到正确对待。另外，某些作表语的形容词，如sure, happy, glad, certain等之后也可带宾语 从句。例如： I am sure that he will succeed. 我确信他会成功。I am glad that you can come and help me. 很高兴你能来帮我。3.表语从句 表语从句在句中作表语，位于主句中的系 动词之后。 The question is who can complete the difficult task. 问题是谁能完成这项艰难的 任务。The problem is how we can get there on time. 问题
4、是我们怎样按时到达那儿。4.同位语从句 同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名 词的具体内容，可跟同位语从句的名词主要 有fact, news, promise, idea, truth等。连接 词用that，不用which。 The news that our team has won the match is true. 我们队赢了这场比赛的消息是真的。His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway. 他迟到了是因为汽车 半路上出了问题。注意：名词性从句的难点在于其句型结构不同， 所使用的连词比较复杂。因此,如何确定
5、正确 的连词是突破名词性从句的关键。解决这一 问题可以从以下几点入手： 依据“缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。所 谓“缺什么补什么”是指句型结构与连词之间的关系 。如果句子中缺主语，指人用who，指物用what ；如缺宾语，指人用whom，指物用what；如缺 时间状语用when；地点状语用where；原因状语 用why；方式状语用how；定语用what或which； 什么都不缺用that。 I know what he is talking about.（缺宾语指物）我 知道他正在谈论什么。 Im sure that he will come tomorrow.（什么都 不缺）我确信明天他
6、会来。 Where he will go is unknown.（缺地点状语）他要 去哪儿还不知道。 I dont know which book I should choose.（缺 定语）我不知道应该选哪本书。 注意几组易混连词whether与if；that与what的使 用： 引导主语、表语、同位语从句时关联词只用whether 不用if 表“是否”。引导宾语从句时whether, if均可。 The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 问题 是这部电影是否值得看。 Whether we shall attend the meeti
7、ng hasnt been decided yet. 是否我们要参加这次会议仍未被决定。 We dont know whether/if she is ready. 我们不知道她 是否准备好了。 that引导从句时不做成分，无意义；而what在从句中 充当成分，有意义。 What he says is important. 他所说的很重要。 That light travels faster than the sound is a fact. 光传 播速度比声音快是个事实。1. No one can be sure _ in a million years. A. what man will
8、look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like 2. Do you know _ hes getting along well with his English?A. how B. that C. what D. which 3. The reason why he didnt come to the party is _ he was ill. A. because B. why C. that D. when 4. Go and get your coat.
9、 Its _ you left it. A. there B. where C. there where D. where there巩固练习：5. _ more countries can use natural energy in future _ to be seen. A.Whether; remains B. What ; remains C. Who ; remained D. If ; remains 6._ she couldnt understand was _fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A
10、.What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that 7._surprises me most is that she doesnt even know _ the difference between the two lies. A.What; where B. What; what C. That; where D. That; what 8. _ is not yet decided _ the test will be given. A.That; when B. It; who C. That; who D. It; when9. It was known to all that William had broken his promise _ he would give us a rise. A. which B. why C. that D. whether 10. Word has come _ some British guests will come for a visit to our company next month. A. what B. that C. whether D. whenAnswers: 1. A 2. B 3. C 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.B
