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1、阅读技巧讲座（主旨大意题）1如何做主旨大意题 做此类题目时，首先要搞清的是问某一段 还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握 文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有 标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。 另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的 ，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一 个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题 词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。 04年全国卷1E篇中major出现过八次，尽管其 词性、词义有所不同，但它就是关键词。2一、题型特点 这类试题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理 解中心思想的能力，也包括分析归纳文章 的段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、环境 特点的能力
2、。这种试题要求考生能把握文 章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心句；要 求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理 等逻辑思维的方法，难度较大，属于高层 次题。3二、题干表现形式 ： 1). 主题型主旨大意题的题干表现形式: The main idea of the passage is The passage is mainly about The passage is mainly discusses Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? What is the passage ma
3、inly about? 2). 目的类主旨大意题 The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to The passage is meant to . The purpose of this article is to 3). 标题类主旨大意题 The best title for the passage might be The best title for the passage would be 4三、应试技巧一、主题句的特点 主题句所表达的意思具有概括性 句子结构简单明了, 作者一般不会 采用长句或结构复杂的句子作为 文章的主题
4、句 文章或段落的其他句子都是对主 题句的进一步解释,说明,论证或扩 展. 5应试技巧 如何寻找主题句 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would e
5、njoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. （1）主题句在段首。 一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子 则是论证性细节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报 道中多采用这种格式。 6English is clearly an international language. It is spoken by pilots and ai
6、rport control operators on all the airways of the world. Over 70 percent of the worlds radio programs are in English. 本段主题句为首句, 其后的内容均说明首句。 7 Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes, “ It was seeing people with snakes bites that led me to the career. “ she said “ The sad story to
7、uched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes. Shu said.（2）首尾呼应 为突出主题, 作者先提出主题, 结尾时再次点出 主题, 这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见. 通 常, 前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复, 后面 的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味8（3）主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出 事实依据, 层层推理论证, 最后自然得出结论, 即 段落的主题。 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them e
8、xactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. 本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内 容的结论。 9例： If you were planning to buy a television set, the following adver
9、tisement would certainly attract your attention: “Color TV, only $79. Two-day sale. Hurry.“ However, when you go to the store ready to buy, you may discover that the advertised sets are sold out. But the salesman is quick to reassure you that he has another model, a more reliable set which is “just
10、right for you.“ It costs $359. This sales tactic is called “bait and switch.“ Buyers are baited with a sales offer, and then they are switched to another more costly item. Buying items on sale requires careful consideration of the merchandise（商品）and the reasons for the sale. 1. Which sentence best e
11、xpresses the main idea? A) The customer must be on his guard when purchasing items on sale. B) Color television sets which sell for $79 are sold out quickly. C) Many stores use the “bait and switch“ technique to attract customers. D) Anyone planning to buy a television set should look for a sale. 2.
12、 The paragraph could be entitled _. A) Buyer Beware B) Closeout Sale C) Crime Pays D) Buying a TV Set 作者从一则电视机的广告入手, 介绍了降价推销的惯用手段, 称为 “bait and switch”（廉售某种不打算出卖的商品, 意在诱人购买昂 贵的物品）。最后笔锋一转, 点出作者的真正意图, 即本段的主题句, 告诫人们在购买降价商品时要警惕中圈套。10 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes fl
13、at. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out. （4）短文中间通常前面
14、只提出问题， 文中的主题由随之 陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而 后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展. 11 Just as I settle down to read or watch television, he demands that I play with him. If I get a telephone call, he screams in the background or knocks something over. I always have to hang up to find out whats wrong with him. Baby-sitting wit
15、h my little brother is no fun. He refuses. to let me eat a snack in peace. Usually he wants half of whatever I have to eat. Then, when he finally grows tired, it takes about an hour for him to fall asleep. 有时段落是先介绍背景和细节，接着用一句综合或概括 性的话概括前面所说的内容或事例，然后再围绕主题展 开对有关问题的深入讨论。这种文章的主题句往往会在 段落中间出现，但不一定就是在正中间。
16、Baby- sitting with my little brother is no fun 12For adults a cold is not that serious. However, this is not the case for children. Cold symptoms in children may be sighs of more serious diseases and should be given prompt medical attention. 本段主题句为第二句, 因为在however 后面才 是作者真正的看法, 并在下文中进一步作了说明。 当主题句被安排在段中间时, 作者往往从具体 的事例谈起, 随之归纳出主题, 然后再围绕这一主 题展开讨论, 使立论更加清楚,
