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1、英语句子的种类n一、句子种类两种分类法n( 一 )、按句子的用途可分四种：n1 、陈述句（肯定、否定）：nHe is six years old; nShe didnt hear of you before.n2 、疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：nDo they like skating? nHow old is he? nIs he six or seven years old? nMary can swim, cant she? n3 、祈使句：nBe careful, boys; nDont talk in classn4 、感叹句：How clever the boy is!1、陈
2、述句 说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯 定式和否定式，语序是主语在前，谓语在后。She arrived early.She can not have arrived now.注：1）半否定句I hardly know anything about it.2）部分否定句与全否定句I dont like both the films.I like neither Cathy nor Mary.3)否定转移I dont think it will be very cold today.(believe, expect, suppose, imagine)2、疑问句v（1）疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问
3、题，询 问情况。v分为一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句和 反意疑问句。(2)、疑问句 的分类1）一般疑问句 用来询问一件事，答案通常是yes或 no，注意语序。Have you anything to say?Did someone phone me last night?否定疑问句Cant you understand it?Isnt it a beautiful lake?-Havent you been to the UK?-No, I havent.2）特殊疑问句1.特殊疑问句的定义;以特殊疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的 句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有：what who whom
4、 whose whichwhen where how why等。2.特殊疑问句有两种语序 （1）陈述语序Who was the first man in space?（2）倒装语序Whom are you talking about?注：A、简略式Why not go alone? Why get so angry?How/What about taking a rest?B、复杂特殊疑问句What do you think he has done? 3）选择疑问句v选择疑问句（alternative questions）v一般提出两种或两种以上的可能，问对方选择 哪一种。v其结构可用一般疑问
5、句，也可用特殊疑问句， 供选择的两部分由or连接，前者用升调，后者 用降调，如： vWill you go there by bus or by train？ vWhat would you like，coffee or tea？ (1)以一般疑问句为基础Is he a teacher or a doctor or a policeman?Shall I help you or can you manage?(2)以特殊疑问句为基础Which do you prefer, red wine or white?How shall we go there? By bus or by train?(
6、3) or not构成的选择疑问句 Do you want to buy it or not？ 4)： 反意疑问句A、含义义：在一个陈述句之后附上一个简短的 疑问句，对陈述句提出相反的疑问，这种疑问句叫反意疑问句。 如：1. He is clever, isnt he?2. We speak Chinese, dont we?B、结结构：结构一： 前肯，+ 后否eg. He is clever, isnt he?结构二： 前否，+ 后肯eg. He isnt clever, is he?结构一： 前肯，+ 后否Be 动词动词 ：1. You are an actor, _ _ ?2. He i
7、s a good boy, _ _ ?3. It was fine yesterday, _ _ ?4. You were studying when I called you last night, _ _ ?5. She is going to visit me, _ _?6. I am Chinese, _ _? arent youisnt hewasnt itwerent youisnt shearent I行为动词为动词 ：1. It often rains here, _ _ ?2. He likes soccer, _ _ ?3. You have a headache, _ _
8、 ?4. I called you yesterday, _ _?其它动词动词 ：1. You will go to America, _ _ ?2. We have ever been to Shanghai, _ _ ?doesnt itdoesnt hedont youdidnt Iwont youhavent weC、特殊用法(一）1. His mother is a doctor, _ _ ? 2. The dogs are fighting, _ _? 3. There is a boy in our classroom, _ _ ? 4. There were many cars
9、 in the street, 3. _ _ ? 4.5. There will be robots in our families, 5. _ _ ?isnt she arent theyisnt therewerent therewont there三、特殊用法(二） 6. Sit down please, _ ?7. Please call me, _?8. Lets go home, _ ?9. Let us go home, _ ?10. Let me see, _ ? will / wont youshall / shant wewill / wont youwill / wont
10、 youwill / wont you结构二： 前否，+ 后肯1. You arent an actor, _ _ ?2. He isnt a good boy, _ _ ?3. It wasnt fine yesterday, _ _ ?4. It doesnt rain here, _ _ ?5. His sister doesnt have a headache, _ _ ?6. You didnt call me yesterday, _ _?are youis hedoes itdoes shewas itdid you7. You wont go to U.S.A., _ _?8.
11、 There isnt a boy in our classroom,_ _ ? 9. There werent many cars in the street,_ _ ? 10. Dont smoke, _ _ ? 11. Dont lets do it, _ _ ？will youis therewere there will you shall we3、祈使句 表达命令、要求、请求、劝告等，用原形。1）带第二人称的祈使句Be quiet, please. Dont make any noise!You call a taxi. Dont you forget it.(强调)Give me
12、 a hand, will/wont/would/wouldnt you?2）带第一、三人称的祈使句Let me try again. Lets go. Let us go.Lets not say anything about it./Dont lets sayLet him be here by 10 oclock.注意：1、加强语气Do be careful of my broken leg.Do let me have another try. 2 、祈使句的省略式A :Shall I open the window? B :Yes, please do./ No, please do
13、nt.A :Shall we watch the game? B :Yes, lets.4、“感叹句”所谓感叹句，就是用来表达喜怒哀 乐等强烈感情的句子。What a good time we had last night!What interesting films ! What fine weather we have today!How foolish she is!How clearly you speak!How clever a boy he is!A、感叹句的句式感叹句一般由what或how开头，句 末加感叹号“！”。 What修饰名词， how修饰形容词、副词、动词。一）以wh
14、at开头的感叹句 1.“What + a(an) + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + (主语 + 谓语)！” 如： What a clever boy (he is)! What a pity! 2.“What + 形容词 + 复数可数名词 + （主语 + 谓 语）！”如： What beautiful flowers (they are)! 3.“What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + （主语 + 谓语 ）！”如： What fresh milk (it is)! What fun!二）以how开头的感叹句 1.“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语！”如：How beautiful the girl is! 2.“How + 形容词 + a(an) + 单数可数名词 + （主语 + 谓 语） +！”如：How good an example he set for us! 3.“How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语！”如：How fast he runs! 4.“How + 主语 + 谓语！”如：How time flies!B、陈述句变为感叹句的方法v把一个陈述句变为感叹句时，常使用“一分二加 三换位四去掉”的方法。具体步骤为：v
