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1、Should a Public Worker Accept Costly Gifts?M. K. GandhiUnit 15Lesson 1: Overvieww Who is Mohandas K. Gandhi? w New words and expressions w Questions for discussion w Background knowledge w A global pictureWarming-up Questionsw Who is Mohandas K. Gandhi?w Do you know anything about him?w How importan
2、t is M. K. Gandhi in India?Mohandas K. Gandhiw (18691948) w _ leader of India w Leader of the Indian _ _.Political co-pilot; co- education; co-exist; cooperation; cohabitw Lennon and McCartney co-wrote most of the Beatles songs. w The two communities enjoyed a period of peaceful co-existence.Word Fo
3、rmationw forego = forgo w for- = stop; no longer w forgo = to not have or do sth enjoyable I shall have to forgo the pleasure of seeing you this week. No one was prepared to forgo their lunch hour to attend the meeting. w forgive = to stop blaming/being angry w forget = to be unable to remember放弃Wor
4、d Formationw fore- = in advance; before w fore-cast; foreclose; foresee; forestall; forewarn; foretell; foreshadowThe employees had been forewarned that the end-of-year financial results would be poor. I dont foresee any difficulties so long as we keep within budget.事先告知Word Differentiationw This su
5、ggestion will require careful thought. w To carry out this plan would require increasing our staff by 50%. w Silence is required of all examination candidates. w This record has been requested by Mrs Simpson of Potter Bar. w All members of the club are requested to attend the annual meeting. w The d
6、issatisfied customer demanded to see the manager of the store. =specify as compulsory=politely or formally ask for=politely or formally ask to do=insist on havingWord Differentiationw The hostages were bound hand and foot. w We feel bound together by our past experiences. w The dog bounded away/down
7、 the hill. w The US is bounded in/on the north by Canada and in/on the south by Mexico. w This new adhesive can bond metal to glass. =stick or tie tightly=join or be joinedWord Differentiationw Children suffering from the illness had bathed in sea water contaminated by sewage. w I bathed my feet in
8、salt water. w The Mediterranean Sea bathes the sunny shores of Italy. w The fields were bathed in sunlight. w He baths every morning. w He is bathing the baby. =soak with liquidWord Differentiationw A dish-washer is a great time-saver. w A saver may also be a person who saves money regularly. w She
9、drank the wine slowly, savoring every drop. w It was the first chocolate hes tasted for over a year, so he savored every mouthful. w In the Christian religion, Jesus Christ is called the/our Savior.=taste and enjoy to the full=a person who saves othersWord Differentiationw “No, I do not have time to
10、 help you,” he rejoined impatiently. w He rejoined his regiment after a weeks leave. w Rejoin the two wires. w Everyone rejoiced at the news of his safe return. w She rejoiced in her good fortune. w I rejoiced to see that she had made such a quick recovery.=say in reply=join together again=feel or s
11、how great joyWord Differentiationw The requisite number of countries have now ratified the convention. w He has exquisite taste in music. w Look at this exquisite painting. w She has exquisite taste. w A good comedian needs to have an exquisite sense of timing. =required =keen=acuteWord Differentiat
12、ionw Police have not so far been able to extort a confession from the people accused of the bombing. w They accused him of trying to extort money with menaces. w He extorted a promise from her. w The government exhorted the prisoners not to riot. w The general exhorted his men to fight bravely.=obta
13、in by force=urge; strongly encourageQuestions for Discussionw Who are the public or civil servants? w What is bribery? w Why do people give and take bribes? w What are the possible harms of bribery to our society? w What do you think are the roots of bribery? w What should we do to eliminate it?What
14、 is a civil servant?w A civil servant or public servant is a civilian career public sector employee working for a government department or agency. The term explicitly excludes the armed services, although civilian officials will work at “Defense Ministry” headquarters.Types of Corruptionw In broad t
15、erms, political corruption is the use of governmental powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain. w Forms of corruption include:Bribery（行贿；受贿） Embezzlement（挪用公款） Cronyism（任人唯亲）Types of Corruptionw Nepotism（裙带关系） w Graft（以权谋私） w Money laundering / trafficking (洗黑钱) w The end point o
16、f political corruption is a kleptoctacy（盗贼统治）, literally “rule by thieves”.Reasons for Corruptionw Lack of government transparency w Weak accounting practices w Democracy absence w Weak rule of law w Weak judicial independence w Lacking protection of whistleblowers （举报人）A Global Picturew The text is a piece of autobiographic writing. w What is the author
