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1、1专题专题 2020 完形填空之议论文和说明文类完形填空之议论文和说明文类2018 年高考题（无）2017 年高考题（无）2016 年高考题【2016上海】Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Do
2、uglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, de
3、spite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Differe
4、nt cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-makingall members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion.
5、Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has bee
6、n to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top lev
7、el of senior managers, 2front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed,
8、 and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65 of the team members in terms of what t
9、hey produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desireB. seekC. loseD. dislike 52. A. contraryB. expectationC. degreeD. extreme 53. A. vice versaB. for exampleC. howeverD. otherwise54. A. outsideB. insideC. belowD. above 55. A. replacingB. assessingC. managingD. en
10、couraging 56. A. referB. contributeC. objectD. apply57. A. agreementB. practiceC. electionD. impression58. A. bossyB. experiencedC. westernD. male 59. A. askingB. trainingC. warningD. firing 60. A. doublingB. maintainingC. reducingD. estimating 61. A. honored B. leftC. crowdedD. compared62. A. econo
11、mically B. traditionallyC. inadequatelyD. occasionally 63. A. denyB. admitC. assumeD. ensure64. A. virtualB. ineffectiveC. day-to-dayD. on-the-scene65. A. opinionB. riskC. performanceD. attractiveness【答案】51. D 52. A 53. B 54. D 55. C 56. B 57. A 58. D 59. A 60. C 61. B 62. B 63. D 64. A 65. C 【解析】35
12、2.A 考查上下文串联。短语 to the contrary 相反的；to the degree 在某种程度上；to the extreme走向极端；在文章第一段中提到了 X 理论，大多数人都缺乏进取心和责任心，不愿对人和事负责，没有什么雄心壮志，不喜欢负责任，宁可被领导。而 Y 理论认为大多数人愿意对工作、对他人负责，人们愿意实行自我管理和自我控制来完成应当完成的目标。这是两种完全相反的理论，尽管对于这两种完全相反的理论有很多的证据，很多管理人仍然同意 X 理论。故 A 正确。53.B 考查上下文串联。本句中 for example 表示举例说明；这些管理人仍然同意 X 理论，例如他们认为如
13、果要员工效率高，就需要给与他们不断的监督。这属于 X 理论的举例说明。故 B 正确。54.D 考查上下文串联。根据后句“.makes for authoritarian managers”可知这属于专制的管理方法，他们的决定是来自上而下的，没有任何商量的余地。故 D 项“above 上面的”正确。57.A 考查上下文串联。名词 agreement 同意；practice 练习，做法；election 选举；impression 印象；亚洲人使用协商式的管理方法，这种方法是建立在共同的协议基础之上的，西方人也想学习这样的管理方法。故 A 正确。58.D 考查上下文串联。根据前半句“women w
14、ill become more effective managers than men”可知有些专家认为女性比男性管理更高效。因为女性更有亲和力，比男性管理人更容易与别人达成一致的目标。故 D 正确。59.A 考查上下文串联。根据前句“. encourage employees to use their own initiative.鼓励员工使用自己的首创精神” ，也就是说在做出决定的时候不要请示上级经理，自己做出决定即可。故 A 项正确。60.C 考查上下文串联。根据前句“the trend towards downsizing 缩小规模的趋势” ，也就是要减少管理层的数量，可以直接做出决定
15、而不需要请示上级。故动词“reduce 减少”符合上下文串联。61.B 考查短语辨析辨析。动词 be honored with 被授予；be left with 留下，剩下；be crowded with挤满；be compared with 与相比；通过这种方法，公司只剩下高层管理者和前线的与公众直接联系的一4线管理人。省略了很多中央环节，提高了管理的效益。故 B 正确。62.B 考查副词辨析。副词 economically 经济地；traditionally 传统地；inadequately 不充分地；occasionally 偶尔地；根据后句“Empowerment and delega
16、tion mean new forms of management.”可知授权管理是一个新型的管理方法，与传统的管理模式不一样。故 B 正确。63.D 考查动词辨析。动词 deny 否认；admit 承认；assume 假定，设想；ensure 保证，确保；授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，省略了中央管理环节，保证了整个商业计划被采用。根据句意可知 D 正确。64.A 考查上下文串联。形容词 virtual 虚拟的；ineffective 低效的；day-to-day 日常的；on-the-scene 现场的；根据后句“where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses”可知在这种新型的管理方法中，人们都是通过邮件和网络联系，说明这种一种新型通过虚拟网络进行的管理
