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1、Unit 3 Language in use To summarise and consolidate the use of the present perfect tense together with since and for To be able to understand learning materials on health To be able to carry out a survey on healthy living with the help of othersTeaching aimsSam got sick two days ago. Sam has been si
2、ck for two days. Shelley （谢莉）got her drivers license (执照) in 1999. Shelley has had her drivers license since(自从) 1999. Arnold(阿诺德）started to play tennis in January. Arnold has played tennis since January. Mike moved to Hawaii in 1996. Mike has lived in Hawaii for about 19 years. Read the following s
3、entences.I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born. My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976. I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl. My brother has been in the Youth League for two years. I have not
4、 heard from my uncle for a long time.现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某一时 刻开始、一直持续到现在，多与“since +点时 间”或“for +段时间”连用。for表示“经过(一段 时间)”，而since表示“自从(以来)”。 常见结构如下：现在完成时- since 和 for 的用法for +表示一段时间时间 的状语语一段时间时间 + agosince + 表示过过去的某一时间时间 点从句来看几个例句吧：He has lived here for 16 years. 他住在这里有十六年了。 He has lived here since 16 years
5、ago. 他从十六年前起就住在这里了。He has lived here since 1991. 他从1991年起就住在这里了。He has lived here since he was born. 他从出生起就住在这里。在对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时，我 们常用how long.How long have you played basketball?How long have you been collecting shells?- How long has Mary been a teacher?- Since two years ago.介词 for 短语表示一个时间段，指某个动作
6、或情况到现在为止已持续了多久；since 作为介词，接一个时间名词，作为连词，引导 一个时间状语从句(从句动词一般是短暂性动词)，since 表示“自以来”，指某个动作或情况从过去某一点时间一直持续到现在，因 此，与 for 或 since 引出的时间状语连用的句子(或主语)谓语动词必须是持续性的。英语中有些动词的意义不能持续，表示的是 一瞬间就结束的动作，这些动词被称为非持续 性动词或短暂性动词，常见的如 come, leave, go, lose, see, begin, start, arrive, become, die, buy, borrow, close, join, reach
7、, fall, get up 等 。这类动词可以用于完成时态，但在肯定句中 不能与表示动作延续的时间状语 for 或 since 短语连用。如： 正: He has come back. 他已回来。 误: He has come back for three days. 若要表示“他回来已三天了”这样的意思，可 以将动词改为延续性动词，或改变时间状语， 或改用别的句型等，如译为： He has been back for three days. (改变谓语 动词) He has been back since three days ago. (改变 谓语动词) He came back thr
8、ee days ago. (改变时间状 语及动词时态) Its three days since he came back. (改变句 型) come, go, begin, start, become, join, end, die, buy, arrive, reach, borrow, lend, get to know等这些短暂性动词如果要谈论一个动作发生在过去某个时间点，我们可以使用ago或一般过去时。如：Kitty has left Beijing for two days.Kitty left Beijing two days ago.Kitty has been away fr
9、om Beijing for two days.Kitty has bought her purse since last year.Kitty bought her purse a year ago.Kitty has had her purse for a year.在表示持续一段时间的句子中，应将 短暂性动词转化为相同意义的延续性动词 或状态动词。初中英语中常见的有： 短暂性动词延续性动词go, leave, movearrive, come, reachjoin, becomebuy, get(得到)be away (off), be out of be here , be in +某
10、地be in, be a (an) + n.have短暂性动词延续性动词 fall ill (asleep) finish, end begin , start begin to learn (work, read, rain) go out get up borrow get to know die losebe ill (asleep) be over be on learn, work , read, rain be out be up keep know be dead be lost非持续性动词用于完成时态，在肯定句中 不能与for 或 since引出的短语(或句子)连用， 但在否定
11、句中是可以的，因为一个非延续性 动词一旦被否定即成为状态，而状态总是可 以延续的。如：I havent seen him for a long time. 我很久没见到他了。 He hasnt come here for some time. 他有段时间没来了。 I havent heard from her since she left. 自她离开以后，我一直没收到她的来信。 真题链题链 接( ) 1. Excuse me, where is Mr. Browns office? Sorry, I dont know. I_ here for only a few days. (2011河南
12、省)A. work B. worked C. have worked D. will workC( ) 2. My grandmother _ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here. (2011 天津)Asees B. can see C. will see D. has seenD( ) 3. I many new friends since I came here. ( 2011贵州毕节)A. make B. made C. will make D. have madeD( ) 4. My aunt is a writer. She
13、 _ more than ten books since 1980. (2011北京)A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. will writeC( ) 5. I _ Mr. Smith since he moved to Shanghai. (2012北京)A. didnt hear from B. dont hear fromC. wont hear from D. havent heard fromD( ) 6. Not only Jam but also his parents _ a few interesting places since the
14、y came to China. (2012 湖北黄石)A. will visit B. has visited C. have visited D. visited C( ) 7. Look at these stamps. I_them for five years.Wow, they are wonderful. (2013 湖南衡 阳)A. kept B. have kept C. have boughtB( ) 8. He_ for ten years. (2013四川雅 安)A. has been married B. married C. got married D. has m
15、arriedA( ) 9. My sister has learnt English_. (2013四川雅安)A. for twelve years ago B. since she was fourC. twelve years ago D. at the age of fourB( ) 10. She _ the book _ two days ago. (2013黑龙江绥化)A. has borrowed; since B. has kept; since C. kept; forB选用 for和 since填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.Th
