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1、虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望/假设/猜测/或建议，而不表 示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式 来表示。 1 .虚拟语气用于条件状语从句。 （1）与现在事实相反。 If I had time ,I would go to the cinema with you . （2）与过去事实相反。 If he had caught the first bus this morning,he would not have been late for class. （3）与将来事实相反。 If it were to /should rain tomorrow,the meeting wou
2、ld be put off.条件从句中的谓语动 词的形式主句中的谓语动 词的形式与现在事实相反过去式（bewere)should/would/cou ld/might+动词原 形 与现在事实相反had+过去分词should/would+ have+过去分词与将来事实相反1.过去式should/would/cou ld/might+动词原 形2.should+动词原形3.were to+动词原形虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 注意：主句中的should通常用于第一人称， would可用于任何人称，同时也可根据意思用情 态动词could/might 等代替should /would。 (4)有时候，条件
3、从句表示的动作和主句表示的 动作，发生的时间是不一致的（如一个是过去发 生的，一个是现在发生的）。这时，动词的形式 要根据它所表示的时间来调整。-(错综时间条件 句) 1.If the weather had been more favourable , the crops would be growing still better. 2.If you were in better health ,we would have allowed you to join them in the work. 3.If we hadnt got everything ready by now,we sh
4、ould be having a terrible time tomorrow (5)以上句型可以转换成下列形式: A.若if从句中有 were/ had/ should ，可把它们倒装放到 主语之前，省略if .句式: were /had /should +主语 +其它成分. Were I in school again ,I would work harder. Had you been here earlier ,you would have seen him. Should there be a meeting tomorrow ,I would come . B.用介词短语代替条件状
5、语从句.例如: Without air ,there would be no living things . I would not have succeeded but for your help. 2.虚拟语气用于宾语从句 （1）“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，“ 可惜/悔不该/但愿”从句中谓语动词形式： 与现在事实相反：动词过去式 与过去事实相反: had + done 或 could(would)+have +done 与将来事实相反： could/would + do 例如： .I wish you told me earlier. We wish we had arr
6、ived there two hours earlier. I wish we could go to the seaside today/tomorrow (2)虚拟语气在动词: insist （坚持）/demand/ desire / request / require/ order /propose / command / ask / advise / prefer /suggest（建议）arrange 等后面 的宾语从句中，用 “（should） +动词原形”。如 ： The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few
7、 days. They demanded that the black people (should) be treated as well as white people. I insisted that you give me money back. Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. The girl insisted that she gave me the money the other day. I suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. Her pale face
8、 suggested that she was ill. 3.虚拟语气用于表语从句/同位语从句. 作advice / idea /order /demand /plan /proposal /suggestion /request 等后面的宾语从句和同位 语从句，其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“（ should ) + 动词原形” .例如： We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing. My idea is that he (should) do exercises first. 4
9、。虚拟语气用于以 as if / as though 引导的表 语从句或状语从句.谓语动词的形式有三种：as if /as though 引导的表 语/状语从句从句中谓语动词的形式1.从句表示与现在事实相反谓语动词用一般过去式2.从句表示与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词3.从句表示与将来事实相反 would /might /could + 动词原形 例如： He looked at me as if I were mad. He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England. It looks as i
10、f it might rain . 但as if /as though 后的从句也常用陈述语气， 这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可 能被设想为真实的。例如： It looks as if our side is going to win . 5.虚拟语气用于主语从句。 在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用 “should + 动词原形”的结构，表示惊讶/ 不相信 /惋惜 /理应如此等。例如： It is necessary ( important /natural /desirable 想要的/advisable 明智的/合理的/适当的/可行 的/strange ,etc.) tha
11、t we should clean the room every day . It was a pity (a shame /no wonder ,etc.) that you should be so careless . It will be desired (suggested /decided /ordered /requested / proposed ,etc.) that she should finish her homework this afternoon. 例如： It is time that I went and picked up my little girl fr
12、om school. It is high time we were going. 7.虚拟语气用于if only 引导的感叹句： If only I had taken his advice . If only I were a bird . 8.虚拟语气用于If it were not for 此结构意 为“如果没有”，表示与现在事实相反的假设 If it had not been for “如果当时没有”，表 示与过去事实相反的假设 10.虚拟语气用于简单句。 A .表示说话人谦虚/客气/有礼貌，是语气委婉 ，常出现在日常会话中。例如： It would be better for yo
13、u not to stay up too late. Would you be kind enough to open the door ? B.用于一些习惯表达法中。例如： Would you like a cup of tea ? You had better go now. C.用 “may + 动词原形”，表示“祝愿/但愿”。 May 须置于句首。例如: May you be happy ! May you succeed ! 11.含蓄条件句 在某些虚拟语气结构中没有 if 条件句，虚拟条 件是用其它形式表现出来，这种现象在语法上 称为“含蓄条件句”具体分为一下几种情况： 1）通过动
14、词不式短语表示条件例如： You would be a fool to refuse his offer.(=If you should refuse his offer ,you would be a fool .) 2) 通过介词短语表达条件例如： But for the storm I would have arrived much earlier.(=If it had not been the storm) 3)通过连词otherwise / or /but /that /though /once等表达条件例如： She came to town yesterday ,otherwi
15、se /or I would not have met her .(=if she had not come ) I would have attended the meeting ,but I have been too busy . (= if I had not been too busy ) 4)通过 Were it not for 或 Had it not been for 等句式表达条件例如 ： Were it not for(=If it were not for ) the leadership of the Party ,we could not live a happy life. Had it not been for (=If it had not been for ) the leadership of the Party ,we should have failed. 5)通过分词短语表达条件例如： Given more attention ,the crops could have grown better.(=If they had been given more
