《英语单词构词法word building》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语单词构词法word building（24页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Word Building什么是构词法？英语单词的构成有一定的规律 可循，这种规律称为构词法。英语构词法主要有三种： 派生、转化、合成 另外还有缩略词n加前缀：happy - _happyn 加后缀： develop - develop_n既加前缀又加后缀：employ -_employ_一、派生词（derivation） 在词根上加上前、后缀构成另外一个词unmentunment(A)表示否定的前缀：un- unfair,unhappynon- nonsmoker ，non-stop (常用在n. adj. adv. 前)in- inactive, indirect (常用在adj.后)di
2、s- disagree,disappearim- impolite,impossible(用在b,p,m 开头的词前)il- illegalir- irregular常见的前缀(B).表示错误错误或失当的前缀缀:mis -misunderstand, mislead(C).表示向背的前缀缀:anti-（阻止，抗）antiwar, anti-Japanese war (D)表示共同，相等意思的前缀 con-, com-, co- (共同，一起) connect, combine, co-operate(E).表示程度、大小的前缀 super- supermarket, superman over
3、 - overuse, overeat mini- miniskirt, minibus under- underground, under-develop semi-(半，部分) semicircle extra -(超越，额外) extraordinary vice- (副，次) vice-president, vice-chairman(F).表示时间、序列关系的前缀pre- prewar,previewpost postwar,post-readingfore-(前，预先) foretell, forecastre-（再一次，重新） retell, rewritemid-, medi-
4、（中，中间）midnight,Mediterranean(G).表示方位的前缀：inter- internationaltrans-(横过，通过，超越，进入)translate, transport sub- subway, submarine(潜水艇；水 下的）常见的后缀1.名词后缀 ：-er teacher, worker-or visitor, sailor -al arrival, refusal-ee employee , interviewee-ation education, satisfaction -ment development, movement -ance, -enc
5、e importance, violence-ness happiness, carelessness -ity ability, possibility -ist pianist, artist -an, -ain American, historian -age courage, marriage -dom freedom, kingdom-hood childhood,brotherhood -ice notice, advice, service -ing building, writing-ion action, solution, conclusion2.形容词后缀： -y win
6、dy, rainy, sandy -ish foolish, selfish -some handsome, troublesome -ous dangerous, humorous -ful helpful, careful, peaceful -able, -ible comfortable, responsible -al natural, additional, educational -ant, -ent important, excellent -ar similar, popular -ary military, voluntary -ing moving, interestin
7、g, exciting 3. 动词后缀：-ify beautify, simplify-ize, -ise realize, recognize(ise), organize(ise), modernize(ise)-en quicken, widen, sharpen-ate separate, operate4.副词后缀：-ly possibly, carefully, simply -ward, -wards downward, upwards -ways always , sideways（斜着）-wise otherwise1. But even more _ (value) are
8、 the lessons learned in extra- curricular activities in school: in speech, dramatic , musical contests and so on. 2. Many video games are _ (violence).（佛山一模）Examples from some exams this year:violentvaluable3. Ms Chen has been teaching me English since Junior 1, and to show my _ (appreciate) I decid
9、ed to get her a present.（广州一模） 4. They want to be free and _ (depend), and many of them disagree with their parents about how much freedom they should have.(省 调研题）independentappreciation5. _ (fortunate), I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left to complete the rest！(广州二模）6. I must know how to
10、care for others and try not to _ (understand) them.(惠州一模）misunderstandUnfortunatelywater n. 水 - water vt. 浇水常见的转化形式4种：动词 -名词名词 - 形容词动词-形容词副词-形容词二、 转化(conversion) 由同一个单词通过词类变化转化成为另 外一种词义1 动词 -名词stop vt. 停止 - n. watch vt. 观看 - n. record vt. 录音 - n. comb vt. 梳理(头发) - n. 车站手表纪录梳子2 名词 - 形容词light n. 光线 -
11、a. right n. 右边 - a. Chinese n. 汉语 - a. Russian n. 俄语 - a.轻的 对的中国的 俄国的3 动词-形容词clean v. 打扫- a. empty v. 倒空- a. complete v.完成 - a. last v. 持续- a. 清洁的空的 完全的最后的4 副词-形容词hard ad. 努力地 - a. well ad. 好 - a. early ad. 早地 - a.困难的 健康的早的三、 合成词(compounding words)由两个或以上的词组成另外一个词class 班级 + room 房间 = classroom 教室warm
12、 + heart + ed = warmhearted_good + looking = good-looking _的热心肠的相貌好看的四、缩略词(shortening words) 它分为截短 和缩合两种。1. 截短 : 是指用截头取尾的方法构成 新词。advertisement - adtelephone - phoneinfluenza - flu _television - TV流行性感冒2. 缩合 是指把两个或两个以上的词各取一部分合在一 起构成一个新单词。smoke + fog (雾) - smog _motor + hotel - motel _Test of English as a foreign language TOEFL _the United Nations - _ _烟雾汽车旅馆托福 UN 联合国
