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1、高考语法复习系列二高考语法复习系列二动词时态和语态时态时间状语一般现在时every , sometimes, at, on Sundays等一般过去时yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now一般将来时next, tomorrow, in+一段时间, before+时间点现在完成时for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, until, up to now, in/over the past years, always, recently过去完成时before
2、, by+过去的时间, until, when, after, once过去进行时this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten yesterday evening when, while将来进行时soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, this time tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening一.一般现在时态： 1.一般用法: 1表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度 的时间状语连用. 时间状语: e.g.他经常去电
3、影院。 He often goes to the cinema. 2表示现在的能力、特征、职业等 e.g.他唱歌很好 He sings well.（能力） 3表示客观真理、科学事实 、格言以及不受时间 限制的客观存在的事实 e.g. 知识就是力量Knowledge is power. （客观真理）2.特别用法: 1主句是将来时态或表示将来意义,时间状语从句 和条件状语从句须用一般现在时表将来, e.g. 有时间我给她写信Ill write to her when I have time 2让步状语从句和方式状语从句用一般现在时表将来. Whether you help him or not,
4、he will fail. Next time Ill do as he says. 3表示按规定、时间表 、计划或安排要发生的动 作,用一般现在时表将来,e.g.火车12点离开The train leaves at 12:00.二.一般过去时态（did式）: 1.基本用法: 1表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态:时间状语有 ：He bought the computer five years ago. 2) 表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作,e.g.e.g. 当我们是孩子的时候常在一起玩We often played together when we were children. 注:表示过去习惯性
5、的动作,可用would, used to, 他过去常乘公交车去工作He used to go to work by bus.2.特别用法:过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气: 1) 动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等:I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。 2) 情态动词 could, would。 e.g.Could you lend me your bike?能借用一下你的自行车吗？三.一般将来时（will/shalldo）: 1.will表示没有经过事先考虑,而是在说话的时候才 决定做某事,e.g. -You
6、forget to close the door.-Oh, Ill close it at once.will表意愿 Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. 2. be going to +不定式，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。 e.g.这出戏下月开播。The play is going to be produced next month。 c. 有迹象要发生的事。 e.g.看那乌云，快要下雨了。Look at the dark
7、 clouds; there is going to be a storm. 3. be to do 表将来，按计划或安排将发生的事; 命 中注定的事; 命令。 e.g. 下周六我们将讨论这份报告We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 4. be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。 e.g. 他马上要去北京。He is about to leave for Beijing. 注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来的时间状语连用。 5. be due to与时间表,旅行计划等有关。
8、 e.g.The train is due to leave at 7:00. 四.现在完成时（have/hasp.p.） 1.基本用法: 1影响性用法:表示一个动作发生在过去,已经完 成,且对现在造成影响或结果, e.g.He has left the city.（结果:他不在这个城市 ）Someone has broken the window. （结果: 窗户仍破着） 2持续性用法:表示一个动作从过去持续到现在, 且可能继续持续下去或可能到此结束, e.g. 这个下午我们一直很忙We have been busy this afternoon.2.用现在完成时的典型场合: 1“since
9、过去时间”（从句中用一般过去时）”则句中 用现在完成时,e.g.I havent seen her since last week.Where have you been since I last saw you? 2句中有so far/in （for/during/ over）the past （last ）years（months ）/up to now/until now e.g. So far there has been no news. 3“It/This/That is the first （second/third）time that从句” 或“It/This/That is
10、the onlythat从句”或“It/This/That is the 最高级 that从句” e.g.这是我第一次去浙江 It/This/That is the first time that I have come to Zhejiang. 这是我一生中唯一一次我真正喜欢的聚会 It/This/That is the only party that I have ever really enjoyed in my life. 这是我曾读过的最有趣的书 It/This/That is the most interesting book that I have ever read. （注:以
11、上句型把is改为was,则从句时态相应改为 过去完成时态）3.现在完成时与一般过去时态的区别: 1)现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果,而一般过 去时态强调这一个动作发生的时间是过去。 2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在 完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状 语。 一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week ，ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆 为具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in
12、 past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。 共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等e.g. Ive lived here for ten years. （现在仍住在这儿 ） I lived here for ten years. （现在不住在这儿 ） He has bought a house. （现在已拥有这房子） He bought a house. （现在拥不拥有这房子,不知道,只是知道买了房子, 现在可能拥有也可能卖掉了）五.现在完成进行时（have/ha
13、s been v-ing） 1.一般用法:表示现在以前一段时间里一直在进行 的动作, 这一动作可能仍在进行,也可能已停止,e.g.It has been raining since two days ago.-Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work? -Yes, thats why I _ to work by train. A.have been going B.have gone C.was going to D.will have gone六.过去完成时（had p.p.） 1.表示过去的过去 时间状语 e.g. 用好过去完成时,关键在于理解它的时间
14、是“过去的过去” 。 2.want / think/ hope/ plan/ mean/ expect/ intend/ suppose等动词的过去完成时不定式的一般 式（等于这些动词的一般过去式后接不定式的完成式 ）,表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算、想法等 I had meant to come, but something happened. I had intended to speak at the meeting, but time didnt permit. 3.一些特殊句型中的过去完成时: 1“It/This/That was the first （second/third）tim
15、e that从句”或“It/This/That was the onlythat从 句”或“It/This/That was the 最高级 that从句” 2by（ the end of ) / by the time 过去时间, e.g. 到上学期结束为止，我们已经学习了3000个单词We had learnt 3,000 words by the end of last term. 3no sooner than ; hardly /scarcely when他一听到这个消息就哭了Hardly had he heard the news when he cried.No sooner h
16、ad he gone to the garden than his son went to play with his classmates.七.将来完成时（will/shallhave p.p.） 1.表示到将来某一时间为止会完成的动作,e.g.When we get there, shell have gone to work. 2.by（ the end of ）将来时间, e.g.We will have learnt 3,000 words by the end of next term.By the time he comes back, we will have repaired the machine. 3.与用
