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1、Specific Writing Skills of Abstracts in Bio-Medical Research Papers刘帅 广州中医药大学Outline:1 Introduction of Abstracts2 Compositions of Structured Abstract3 Writing Skills4 Conclusion5 AssignmentsIntroduction of AbstractsWhat is Abstract? An abstract is defined as an abbreviated , accurate representation
2、of the contents of a document, prepared by its author (s) for publication with it. Such abstracts are also useful in access publications and machine-readable data bases. -American National Standards InstituteTypes of Abstracts(1) Indicative Abstract 指示性摘要 (2) Informative Abstract 报道性摘要 (3) Informati
3、ve-Indicative Abstract报道-指示性摘要 (4) Structured Abstract 结构式摘要 (5) Critical Abstract 评论性摘要Indicative AbstractKey points involved onlyNo information of methods and materialsNo information of data and results Not very long sentences (some are even with one or two sentences)Generally, present tense and p
4、erfect present tense are used论原发性胃肠道淋巴瘤 Primary Lymphomas of the Gastrointestinal Tract 本文综述了治疗原发于胃肠道淋巴瘤的主要经验 ，并就该病的临床、病理及治疗等问题进行了讨论。 Abstract: An institutional experience with primary gastrointestinal Lymphoma (PGL) is reviewed. The clinical, pathologic, and therapeutic aspects of PGL are discussed
5、. Informative AbstractConcrete information are included:A: Brief Introduction：Background, Objective/Purpose, Explanation; B: Procedure and Result of the ResearchC: ConclusionD: Future Prospects恶性高血压与吸烟 (Malignant Hypertension and Cigarette Smoking )摘要： 将48例高血压患者与92例非恶性高作了吸烟习 惯的对比研究。初诊时已吸烟的恶性高血压患者有33
6、 例，非恶性患者34例，两者之间有明显差异。即使对男 性患者进行比较，或将白人与黑人分别进行比较，这种差 异也仍然显著。本研究表明：恶性高血压是一种与吸烟有 关的疾病。 Abstract: The smoking habit of 48 patients with malignant hypertension was compared with those of 92 consecutive patients with non-malignant hypertension. Thirty-three of the patients with malignant and 34 of the pa
7、tients with non- malignant hypertension were smokers when first diagnosed. This difference was significant, and remained so when only men or black and white patients were considered separately. Results suggest that malignant hypertension is yet another disease related to cigarette smoking. Structure
8、d AbstractThe most popular type and example - Structured AbstractDr. Haynes firstly used Structured Abstract on Annal of Internal Medicine内科学记事in 1987Since then, this type of abstract has been widely used by biological and medical journals, esp. medical journalsFamous medical journals like JAMA, New
9、 England Journal of Medicine, etc.Factor V Leiden and PTG20210A gene mutation in patients with venous thrombosis and healthy blood donors Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the incidence of factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene G20210A mutation in patients with venous thrombosis and healthy volunteers.
10、 Methods: Factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene G20210A mutation were analyzed in 97 cases of venous thrombosis and 100 healthy volunteers with the methods of one-step PCR- RFLP. Results: PCR products for the factor V gene (175bp) and for the prothrobin gene (118 bp) were identified to 157 bp and 98
11、bp fragments by electrophoreses after Taq I treatment. No factor V Leiden and prothrombien gene G20210A mutation were found in either group. Conclusion: The low incidence of factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene G20210A mutation suggest that they are not the major genetic risk factors for thrombophil
12、ia in the Chinese population. - International Journal of Hematology, 2007 SpringerCompositions of Structured Abstract（1）OMRAC/ AMRAC Format (International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, Vancouver Style, 1997) (国际医学期刊编辑委员会温哥华 格式) Objective/Purpose/Aim 目的Methods 方法Results 结果Conclusion 结论 The pa
13、ttern for most journals of both domestic Methods; Results; Conclusions Lancet:Background; Methods; Findings; Interpretation JAMA (Journal of American Medical Association): Context(背景); Objective; Design, Setting(地点), and Participants; Main Outcome Measure(主要观察 指标); Results; Conclusion.Characteristic
14、s of Structured Abstract(1) Assist health professionals in selecting clinically relevant and methodologically valid journal articles for its clear daily dose/ the dosage in a day; the initial dose; a/ the total dose2.3.5 “疗效” 的表达curative/ therapeutic effect; efficacy of the treatment/ drugHigh effic
15、acy; good curative effect/ respond well to Criteria to test the efficacy / effectiveness3 Results 3.1 时态(Past Tense)We found that the level of plasma obese protein in the NIDDM patients was significant lower than that of the normal subjects and the obesity patients , and was closely correlated to the symptom of polyphagia(贪食症). Two patients developed diffuse alveolar damage due to acute respiratory distress syndrome(急性呼吸窘迫综合症) and were ventilator dependent for more than 20 days. Twenty-two of 24 patients who underwent the combined procedures were glad that they had both procedures c
