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1、英语语法讲解情态动词的完成时(表示对过去的说法)vmust +have +过去分词 （用于肯 定句）一定已经.vThe light is still on. They must have forgotten to turn it off when they left the room.v注:mustnt have done vcant (couldnt) +have +过去分词 （用于否定或疑问句）不可能vHe cannot have been to that town for I saw him just now.v should/ought to +have+过去分词 本应该做(却没有做)
2、.vAs his best friend, you should/ought to have helped him. (but in fact, you didnt.)vshouldnt /ought not to +have +过 去分词 本不应该做(却做了).v You shouldnt have parked your car here, for its a public place.vneednt +have +过去分词 本不必做vYou neednt have waited for me. I told you yesterday I would overwork.with vwit
3、h + donevWith the homework finished, the boy went out.vwith + doingvWith the old man leading the way, we finally find the house.vwith + prepvWith the light on, all the students went out of the classroom.虚拟语气的用法v概念：表示说话人的愿望、假设、 猜测、或建议，而不表示客观存在 的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的 特殊形式来表示 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句(1) 与过去事实相反vIfhad +do
4、ne, would (should, could, might) +have +donevIf you had taken my advice, you wouldnt have failed in the exam. v与现在事实相反vIf + did (bewere)，would (should, could, might) + dovIf he had time, he would attend the meeting.vIf I were you, I should study English.v与将来事实相反vIf + did (bewere) / were to / should+
5、 do,would (should, could, might) + dovIf you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.vIf it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.v虚拟语气用于宾语从句v在表示建议、要求、命令类的动词后面 的宾语从句中用(should) + do。v如: advise, suggest, propose, request, require, insist, demand, order, command, desire vWe suggested tha
6、t we (should) have a meeting.vWe insisted that the meeting (should) be cancelled. v注意：suggest 作“暗示，表明”解 时，insist 作“坚决认为”解时不用 虚拟语气，而用一般的时态。vMike insisted that he had never stolen anything. vHer sun-tanned face suggested that she was in excellent health.v虚拟语气用于主语从句vIt is necessary (important, natural,
7、 strange, essential, etc.) that sb (should) +动词原形 vThis is a very difficult operation. It is essential that you be prepared for emergency.vIt is be suggested (desired, ordered, proposed, advised, etc.) that sb (should) + dov虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句v作advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, r
8、equest，wish等名词的表语从句、 同位语从句。其谓语动词用 (should ) +动词原形vWe all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.vit is (high) time sb + did vIt is (high) time we left.v虚拟语气用于if only引导的感叹 句中(要是就好了)vIf only I had taken his advice.vaccount for: 解释某事物的原因vPlease account for your rude beh
9、avior.vbring up:抚养vShe was brought up by her aunt.vget through:(设法)完成;(使)通过vThere is a lot of work to get through.vShe got all her pupils through the test.vtry to do:设法做某事vWe try to finish the work on time.vendeavor (fml.) to do:设法做某事vWe endeavor to finish the work on time.vsucceed (in) doing 成功做某事v
10、We succeed in finishing the work on time.vas a result:结果vAs a result, two people were killed in the accident.vby the way:顺便vBy the way, please give it to Mary.von the contrary:与此相反vIt doesnt seem ugly to me; on the contrary, I think its rather beautiful.vpick out:挑出vHe picked out the ripe peach.vmak
11、e out:辨认vCan you make out what that sign says?vgive off:发出(蒸汽,光等)vThe food gave off a bad smell.vseparate:分开vseparatefromvcompare:比较vcompareto/withvcontrast:vcontrast (to/with) 对比，相 比vcome up with:提出vHe came up a new idea for increasing sales.vcatch up with:赶上vAfter a term, she caught up with the ot
12、her students in her class.vkeep up with:跟上vWe should keep up with the pace of the modern society.定语从句 v在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句 叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代 词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系 代词有who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词when, where, why等。他们在定语从句中担任句 子成分。vwho（代替人）: vI know the man who/that is standing under the tree over there.vwh
13、om: vThe doctor (whom) you are looking for is in the room.vWho stands near the river is our school. vwhose（可代替人和物）vDo you know the man whose name is Wang Yu?vI live in a room whose windows face south. vwhich（代替物）vThe building which stands near the river is our school. vthat(可代替人和物)vThe letter (that
14、) I received was from my father.v注意:在下面几种情况下必须用“that”v1. 先行词是不定代词：all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything vAll that (what) we have to do is to practise every day. v2.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级 所修饰。vThe first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten.v3.先行词被all, any every, few, little, no, som
15、e等修饰。v I have read all the books (that ) you gave me.vwhen vI will never forget the day when I met Mr. Liu.vwhereThis is the place where we lived for 5 years.vwhyv I know the reason why he came late.v限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成 部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。v非限制性定语从句一般用逗号把主 句和从句分开。通常关系代词不能 省略，不用that。vI have two sisters, w
16、ho are both students.v关系代词which ，as可指代前面整 句话的内容。vAs we all know, he studies very hard.vP184第49题倒装句v英语的正常语序是主语在前，谓语 在后。但有时为了强调或为了语法 结构的需要，可以将谓语的全部或 部分提到主语之前。这种语法现象 叫做倒装。全倒装：把全部谓语放在主语之前。v以 out, in, up, down, away, here, there,等副词开头的句子里。vHere comes the bus.部分倒装： 把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前否定副词提前的句型中，否定副词有hardly, not , nowhere, seldom, not only, scarcely, never, little, at no time, in n
