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1、 Module 4Carnival Grammar英语语态语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和 被动语态。主动语态动词的主语是动作的执行 者，而被动语态动词的主语是动作的承受者。 被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。被动语态的构成由助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词（V-ed） 构成，助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。A 一般现在时被动 am / is / are + doneB 一般过去时被动 was / were + doneC 现在进行时被动 am / is / are + being doneD 现在
2、完成时被动 have / has + been doneE 一般将来时被动 will / be going to + be done F 含情态动词被动 情态动词 + be done 被动语态的使用要点 1. 不及物动词不能用于被动语态及物动词才有被动语态, 不及物动词如happen, take place, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, occur, remain, succeed, start等没有被动语态。例如:Great changes have been taken place in my hometown. ()Great changes hav
3、e taken place in my hometown. ()2. 表示状态的动词不能用于被动语态英语中 。有些动词(短语动词)不是表示动作, 而是表 示某种状态或情况, 如“拥有、容纳、适合、 明白“等意, 这类词不能用于被动语态, 常见的 有: lack, mean, hold, have, become, last, cost, consist of, look like等。如:The new stadium can be held 5,000 people. ()The new stadium can hold 5,000 people. ()3. 主动形式表示被动意义的词(1)某些
4、感官动词和系动词加形容词可以表 示被动意义, 常见的有:look, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound等。如:Your idea sounds great. (2) 某些行为动词后加副词(有些可不加副词)也可以表示被动意义, 常见的有: wash, write, sell, read, handle, keep, pay等。如 :The meat cuts easily. The shoes wear well. (3) want, deserve, need, require, worth等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。The poin
5、t deserves mentioning.4. 在主动语态中, 若动词为make, let, see, hear, watch, notice时, 后接不带to的动词不定式；但是变被动语态时, 必须把省掉的to带上。例如:You should make him deal with this problem carefully.= He should be made to deal with this problem carefully. 5. 某些表语形容词后, 常用不定式的主动表 被动。The question is difficult to understand.6. 当不定式作定语,
6、与前面的名词或代词有 动宾关系时, 用不定式的主动表被动。Have you got anything to say at the meeting?1. Jackson _ to work in a government office though he hated serving there.A. had wanted B. wantedC. was wanted D. was wantingC2. -Did you enjoy last nights concert?-Yes, though the last piece _ rather poorly.A. played B. was pl
7、ayed C. was playing D. playingB3. Come and sit down by the fire. You hands _.A. feel so cold B. is felt so coldC. fell so coldly D. felt so coldA4. Great changes _ in our city and some schools _ during the past 20 years.A. have taken place; have set upB. were take place; were set upC. have been take
8、n place; have been set upD. have taken place; have been set upD5. The thief _ while climbing the garden wall.A. has caught B. was caughtC. had been caught D. has been caughtB6. In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar.A. is served B. is serving C. servers D. servedARewrite the sentences
9、 in the passive voice.1. Tourists from all over the world visit Venice. Venice is visited by tourists from all over the world.2. Trained artists make many of the carnival masks. Many of the carnival masks are made by trained artists.3. Rich people gave parties every day for a month. Parties were giv
10、en every day for a month (by rich people).4. The Portuguese and the Spanish took carnival to South America. Carnival was taken to South America by the Portuguese and the Spanish.5. In London the West Indian community created the Notting Hill Carnival. The Notting Hill Carnival was created by the Wes
11、t India community in London.6. Today millions of people enjoy carnival. Carnival is enjoyed by millions of people today.高考链接The church tower which _ will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. （2010上海）A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restoredDEvery yea
12、r a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _ before leaving their hometowns. （2010福建）A. promisedB. were promisedC. have promisedD. have been promised.DThis coastal area _ a national wildlife reserve last year. （2010湖南 ） A. was named B. named C. is named D. namesATradition
13、al folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting _ at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo. （ 2010天津）A. are exhibiting B. is exhibiting C. are being exhibited D. is being exhibitedCIn the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the words _. （2010北京）A. are dropped B. dropC. are being dropped D. have dropped A
