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1、WELLPLAN Hydraulic AnalysisContents1、Topics Discussed in the Module2、Analysis process3、Introduction and Concepts4、Navigating Hydraulics Module5、ExercisesTopics Discussed in the ModuleStudy cases too complex for hand calculations“what if” analysis is made easyOptimize flow rates based on:bit performa
2、nce (maximize ROP)hole cleaningStudy ECDs with regard to limitations of:pore pressure（孔隙压力）fracture pressure（破裂压力）Avoid kicks（井涌） and formation damage resulting from swab and surge pressuresObjectives Explain the purpose of the Hydraulics module(模块). State when the Hydraulics module should be used.
3、Explain the different modes of Hydraulics analysis. Explain the use of Hydraulics module for practical application Hole cleaning model is based on empirical relationships coupled with analytical formulations Basis for frictional pressure loss calculations using Rheological models （流变模型）such as Bingh
4、am Plastic, Power Law（幂律）, Newtonian, Herschel-Bulkley, and Generalized Herschel-Bulkley. Swab/Surge calculations based on conventional steady-state model（稳定模型）. Effect of wellbore circulating temperatures on fluid properties are based on transient models. Pipe roughness and eccentricity calculation
5、s for Herschel-Bulkley are based on empirical correlations. Pressure drops across mud motors, MWDs, split flow（分流） components such as under reamers and hole openers are accounted.OverviewDrillingCont. on next slideReview DataMode:Hole CleaningOperational View PlotsPump Limitations.Pump Rate RangeMod
6、e（压力损失，环空流速，环空排量）Provide Solution -Best Pump - Min QSensitivity -RPM -ROPProblemOKSelect New PumpProblemCheck Critical Annulus Velocity and Q ModeOKAnalysis processAnalysis processMode: Pressure: Pump Rate FixedView Quick Look.OKView Pie Charts.View PlotsRate DialogOptimize PlanningImpact ForceHHPOp
7、timize Nozzle CheckFinal Check -Hole Cleaning - Pressure Loss - ECD ChartsOKOKOKOKSign OffWhen Should I Use Hydraulics Moduleu Pressure Lossu Annular Velocityu Swab/Surge u Hydraulics Optimizationu Hole CleaningIntroduction and ConceptsRheological ModelsBingham Plastic, PV (塑性粘度)& YP (动切力)dependentP
8、ower Law, n （流性指数）& k （稠度系数）coefficientsHerschel Bulkley, n & k curve fit from Fann dataNewtonian ( Water)User-defined Surface Equipment ConfigurationsSeveral pumps - active / inactiveECD - accommodates deviated wells(主要适用于斜井)PV600-300（MP.s） YP=1/2(2300-600)(P)Classical Methods of bit jet optimizati
9、on:4 calculation methodsMaximum hydraulic horsepowerMaximum bit jet impact forceMaximum nozzle velocityPercent system pressure loss at the bit1 method uses actual rig circulating pressuresGraphical methods( Bit Vendor Optimization May Be Rqd.)Calculates temperature effects on fluid rheology and dens
10、ityConsiders workstring eccentricityConsiders pipe roughnessIntroduction and Concepts1.Hole CleaningOperational Parametric1.Pressure: Pump Rate Range2.Pressure: Pump Rate Fixed3.Swab/Surge Tripping SchedulePressure and ECD1.Hydraulics Optimization PlanningGraphical MethodsNumerical MethodsOperations
11、 method based on rig site（钻井现场） data.Introduction and ConceptsIntroduction and ConceptsCuttings Transport MechanismHole CleaningHole High-SideHole Low-SideDrillstring (Pipe) Eccentricity String offset to low-side of hole Affects Annular Velocity profile Low-velocity Zone occurs where least annular c
12、learanceDrop in annular velocity on hole low-sideHole Angle Gravitational Velocity component acts towards hole low-side Affects both drilled cuttings & mud weighting solidsGravity acts towards hole low-sideIntroduction and ConceptsHole CleaningCritical Flow Rate for Cuttings Bed Build-UpAs cuttings
13、bed rises, the annular flow area reduces, and annular mud velocity will increaseCuttings bed risesAnnular flow area reducesAnnular velocity increases through reduced areaBed continues to rise until mud velocity over bed reaches a “critical value”, where stronger forces will dislodge（驱除）further cutti
14、ngs. Bed reaches an equilibrium（平衡） height.“Critical Flow Rate” is the minimum flow rate to maintain a zero bed heightCuttings Transport Mechanism - Forces Forces tending to hold cuttings in the bed Gravity Force Friction ForceForces tending to move cuttings out of the bed Drag（拖曳） Force Lift ForceG
15、ravity ForceFriction ForceLift ForceDrag ForceLift ForceTends to lift cuttings into main flow Arises due to asymmetric（不对称 的） fluid velocity distribution and / or turbulent eddies（湍流）Drag Force Tends to drag or roll cuttings out of the bed Caused by fluid viscous drag on upper exposed surface of cut
16、tingsIntroduction and ConceptsHole CleaningIntroduction and ConceptsHole CleaningCuttings Bed ControlKey Parameters Annular Velocity Mud Viscosity Pipe Rotation Pipe Eccentricity Other Factors Specific hole conditions Formation propertiesString RPM Higher RPM Better Hole Cleaning Rotation mechanically agitates cuttings Lifts cuttings into the high-velocity flowstream Higher ROP Higher Cuttings LoadingStrin
