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1、定语从句(一)一、概述 在主从复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句,叫做定语 从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。从句放在所修饰 词(即先行词)之后,由关系代词或关系副词引导。定语从 句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 e.g. 1. A dictionary is a book which gives the meaningof words. 2. His dog, which was very old, became ill.二、引导词关系代词关系副词that which who whom whose aswhy where when关系代词的运用that which who whom
2、 whose asthat: 先行词指人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语。which: 先行词指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。who :先行词指人,在从句中作主语。whom: 先行词指人,在从句中作宾语。whose: 先行词指人或物,在从句中作定语,即whose + n. e.g. 1. I like the book _ you lent to me. 2. The boy _ is standing near the door is my brother. 3. The girl _I talked with just now will go to Beijing. 4. Do you know t
3、he person to _ you should write.that / which who / thatwhom/who/thatwhom引导词在从句中作宾语,没有介词提前时,可以省略( )( )1. There was a wine shop, the owner of _ was Defarge .There was a wine shop, _ owner was Defarge .whichwhosewhose + n. ; the + n. + of + whichof which the + n. Have you seen the book _ cover is blue?
4、 Have you seen the book _ the cover is blue? Have you seen the book the cover _ is blue?of which the ownerwhose of which of whichwhosewhose关系副词的运用why when where关系副词why when where也可以用介词+which代替。1) why 作原因状语for which,先行词是the reason2)where 作地点状语,先行词是表示地点的词,如house,room, place等。但地点名词在从句中作主语或宾语时, 引导词用that
5、或which。e.g.1. I dont know the reason _he didnt come.why 2. Thats the reason _ I like him.why/ for whiche.g. 1. This is the school _ we study everyyear.2. This is the school _we visited yesterday.3. She has gone home _ she will stay several days.where/in which(that/which) where/at which3) when 作时间状语,
6、先行词是表示时间的名词,如time, year,day, week等,但时间名词在从句中作主语、宾语时, 引导词用that , which。e.g. 1. Ill never forget the time _ we worked on the farm. 2.I still remember the day _ is his birthday. 3. October here is a month _ weather is cool. 4. I never forget the day _he died.whenwhenwhenthat which in which on whichduri
7、ng which限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 概述: 限制性定语从句修饰限制先行词,缺少从句,句子意义不 完整或失去意义,主从句关系十分密切,写时,不用逗号 分开。翻译时先译从句,后译先行词。 非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作些附加说明,主从句关系 不十分密切,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和 主句之间往往用逗号分开。主从句各译成一句。 e.g. He is the man who came to see you yesterday.The boy, who is reading under the tree,is from that college She has a son who works in Shanghai.She has a son, who works in Shanghai.Thank you!