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1、 不定式过去分词一般式一般式完成式完成式进行式被 动主 动to dodoingto be doingto have done having done to be done being doneto have been done having been donedone v-ing非谓语动词的时态、语态/a.表示结果、原因时，不可置于句首。e.g. He woke up to find everybody gone.My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China. b.在某些表示喜，恕，哀，乐等的形容词后作原因状语：e.g. I am ve
2、ry glad to see you.I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill.一不定式作状语往往表示目的、结果、原因、条件和比较。不定式的时态与语态1.不定式的一般式to do表示的动作通常与谓语 动词表示的动作同时发生或在其后发生2.不定式的完成式to have done表示的动作 发生在谓语动作之前 I am sorry to have given you so much trouble.He woke up to find everybody gone.3.当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的 承受者时,一般要用被动语态。不定式的被动语 态一
3、般式to be done常表示将来动作。The press conference is to be held tomorrow.The room seems to have been tidied up already4.不定式的被动语态完成式to have been done 表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前 二. 动词的-ing形式可以作状语,在句中往往时 间、结果、原因、条件、让步、行为方式或 伴随情况等。不定式作状语 v-ing形式作状语表示出乎意料之外的 结果v-ing形式往往与主 句有因果关系，主句 表原因， v-ing形式 表结果a. 不定式和-ing形式作结果状语时的区别1. He
4、 hurried to the station, only to find that the train had left.2. The storm left , having caused a lot of damage to the area.表示出乎意料之外的结果表原因表结果b. 动词的-ing形式作条件状语时一般位于句首 。e.g Going straight down the road, you will find the department store=If you go straight down the road, you willfind the department st
5、ore=Go straight down the road, and you will find the department storeV-ing的时态与语态1. V-ing的一般式doing表示的动作通常与谓语 动词表示的动作同时发生2. V-ing的完成式having done表示的动作发生在 谓语动作之前 3.当V-ing的逻辑主语是V-ing所表示的动作的承 受者时, V-ing要用被动语态。 V-ing的被动语态 一般式（being done）表示的动作通常与与谓语 动作同时发生。 V-ing的被动语态完成式（ having been done）表示的动作发生在谓语动 作之前 三.
6、 动词的-ed形式作状语时,在句中往往 表示时间、结果、原因、条件、 方式、让步等。注意：“be+ 过去分词” 短语在句中出现时，改 为非谓语动词作状语时，常用该动词的过去分 词作状语 be caught inbe hidden be worn out be seatedbe dressed inbe lost inbe faced withbe determined to do 1) Finding her car stolen, _. (上海卷). A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searching thoroughlyC.
7、 it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help 2) While watching television, _. Athe doorbell rang Bthe doorbell ringsCwe heard the doorbell ring Dwe heard the doorbell rings问题三 要特别注意非谓语的逻辑主语3. In order to make our city green, _. (上海春季)A. it is necessary to have planted more tr
8、eesB. many more trees need to plantC. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more treesDCD解题关键：主语与所填动词的主被动关系 确定用V-ing/过去分词/ 不定式的主被动动式解题关键：a. 如果和谓语动词几乎同时发生或紧接 着发生用一般式b. 如果两个动作明显有先后/一个动作 完成后另一动作才发生，用完成式。2. 非谓语作状语(一般式/完成式)1. 非谓语作状语(主动/被动)四. 总结3. 要注意的问题 问题一 祈使句+and/or+陈述句 和 To do, + 陈述句 的区别_ the cor
9、ners of the handkerchief to the points of the cross, and you will have a nice strong kite.A. To tie B. Tying C. Tied D. Tie_ the problem _ me and I ll see what I can do with it. A.When left; for B. Leaving; to C. If you leave; with D. Leave; withDD1) _ but he still could not understand it. A. Told m
10、any times B. Having been told many timesC. He has been told many times D. Though he had been told many times2) _ so he had no difficulty ( in ) understanding English.A. Because he had been in London for 3 yearsB. Having been in London for 3 yearsC. He having been in London for 3 yearsD. He had been
11、in London for 3 years问题二 句还子是分词：如果句中有连词（and/ but / or ），要用句子.CD问题四 注意介词+分词和连词+分词的用法1. On hearing the news, she began to cry.On returning to Beijing, she called on most of her friends.2. Though separated from each other for almost 20 year, I still recognized her at first sight.3. If robbed, you can call 110.( As soon as she heard the news,)( Though we were separated,)( If you are robbed, )(As soon as she returned to Beijing,)Thank you
