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1、Unit 8 Omission 减词法课时：2节教学目的要求：通过回顾英语和汉语句法结 构的区别，把英语翻译成汉语时，把握如何 删减不必要的词语，使译文表达通顺、自然 ，减词不减意。教学重点：英汉翻译中代词的省略。教学难点：形合和意合的理解及在翻译中的 运用。I. What is OmissionOmission: Amplification to leave out some unnecessary words.One of the differences in syntax between English and Chinese is the disparity in wording. W
2、hat is regarded as a natural or indispensable element in one language may be regarded as superfluous or even “a stumbling block” in the other. For the sake of succinctness, functional words in English such as the article, the preposition are usually omitted in translation.These developing countries
3、cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources.Scientific exploration, the search for knowledge has given man the practical result of being able to shield himself from the calamities of nature and the calamities imposed by others.There was no haste or restlessne
4、ss in his manner but a poised friendliness.The true joy of joys is the joy that joys in the joy of others.这些发展中国家幅员辽阔，人口众多，资 源丰富。（地大物博，人口众多）人类对科学的探索，对知识的探求，其结 果是使自己具有了躲避天灾人祸的能力。他举止不慌不忙，十分友好。（从容不迫 ，和蔼可亲）别自找麻烦。与人同乐才是真正的快乐。In order survive, to feed, clothe and shelter himself and his children, man is e
5、ngaged in a constant struggle with the nature.Peter has always enjoyed claiming that it was he and not George, who was the first to reach the summit of the mountain.In ancient Rome, we have patricians, knights, plebeians, slavesIf you want to kill a snake, you must hit it first on the head and it yo
6、u want to catch a band of robbers you must first catch their leader.He was a non-smoker and a teetotaller. 为了生存，为了自己和子孙后代的衣食住 行，人类与自然不断进行斗争。Peter一直喜欢说是他而不是乔治首先到 达山顶。古罗马有贵族、骑士、平民和奴隶。打蛇先打头，擒贼先擒王。（绝对禁酒者）他既不抽烟，有不喝酒。Since he lost his job, hes been a loner. He had surfaced with less visibility in the poli
7、cy decisions.He spoke with firmness, but his face was very sad and his eyes at times were dim.We never know the value of water till the well is dry.One must make painstaking effort before one could succeed in mastering a foreign language. 他失业后，就不合群了。在决策过程中，他已经不那么抛头露面了 。他讲话时预期坚定，但面带愁容，时而眼 神暗淡。井干了才知道井
8、水可贵。要掌握一门外语，非下苦工不可。The time-keeping devices of electronic watches are much more accurate than those of mechanical ones.电子表比机械表准确得多。He took off his coat and shoes. Then he put on his slippers，went to the sofa and began to watch TV. After a moment, he asked his wife to bring him a cup of tea.他脱了大衣和鞋子，
9、然后穿上拖鞋，走到 沙发前，开始看电视。过了一会儿，他叫 妻子给他端杯茶来。3) A difference arose between the neighbors over the height of the fence.邻居之间为了篱笆的高度惹起了一 场争论。邻居为篱笆的高低有过争论。（思 果，译道探微，中国对外翻译 出版公司，2002） II. Omission of pronoun1. 在英语中，代词充当主语的情况相当多 。为了使译文前后的句子意思紧凑，避免 重复用词，汉语习惯采用无主句，其主语 就是前面的代词。He was thin and haggard and he looked
10、miserable.他消瘦而憔悴，看上去痛苦不堪的样子（ 一副可怜相）He was well-favoured, bright, a good dancer, a fair shot and a fine tennis player. He was an asset at any party. He was lavish with flowers and expensive boxes of chocolate, and though he entertained little, when he did it was with an originality that pleased.他很聪明，
11、舞跳得不错，枪打得也可以 ，网球也打得挺好，深得（女孩子）喜 爱。他是宴会中的宝贝儿，任意购买鲜 花和高价巧克力送人。尽管他不大请客 ，请起来也别有一番创意，让人开心不 已。2.英语中的泛指人称代词作主语时，常常可 以省略，翻译成无主句。As you come into the room, youll notice a piano.一进房间门，就会看见一台钢琴。One can never be too careful in ones work.工作越仔细越好。Fight when you can win; move away when you cannot win.打得赢就打，打不赢就走。We
12、 have 7 days a week and 24 hours a day.一周有七天，一天有24小时。1) The significance of a man is not in what he attains but rather in what he longs to attain.人生的意义不在于已获取的，而在于渴望获得 什么样的东西。2) Knowledge is a comfortable and necessary retreat and shelter for us in an advanced age; and if we do not plant it while you
13、ng, it will give us no shade when we grow old.知识是人到老年舒适而又必须的归宿。如果年 轻时不种下知识之树，老年时就得不到树阴的 遮蔽。3） Even as the doctor was recommending rest, he knew that this in itself was not enough, that one could never get real rest without a peaceful mind.尽管医生建议休息，他也知道休息本身是不够 的，如果心情不平静，是休息不好的。4）We live and learn.活到老
14、，学到老。3. 作宾语的代词,翻译时也可以省略.Please take off the old picture and throw it away.请把那张旧画摘下来扔掉。Gathering facts, confirming them, suggesting theories, testing them, and organizing findings this is all work of science.收集事实并加以论证，提出理论并加以 检验，以及归纳整理研究成果这全 都是科学工作的内容。4. 物主代词在英语中出现的频率非常高，翻 译时完全可以省略他们。So the train cam
15、e, he pinched his little sister lovingly, and put his great arms about his mothers neck and then was away.火车来了，他爱抚地捏了一下小妹妹，用两 条巨大的胳膊搂了一下母亲的脖子，然后走 了。 Halliday put his pipe down, crossed his hands behind his neck, and turned his face towards the window.哈利德放下烟斗，两手交叉放在脖子后面， 转过头去看窗户。Her dark hair waved u
16、ntidy across her broad forehead, her face was short, her upper lip short , showing a glint of teeth, her brows were straight and dark, her lashes long and dark, her nose straight.她的黑发蓬松地飘拂在宽宽的前额，脸 是短短的，上唇也是短短的，露出亮亮 的牙齿；眉毛又直又黑，睫毛又长又黑 ，鼻子笔直。5. “It” 作代词时，也常常可以省略。It is not entirely right to say that if there is food, let
