《中考英语复习资料:短语动词和句型考点集汇、讲解和训练》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《中考英语复习资料:短语动词和句型考点集汇、讲解和训练(82页珍藏版)》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、中考英语复习资料:短语动词和句型中考英语复习资料:短语动词和句型 考点集汇、讲解和训练考点集汇、讲解和训练考点直击】1. 短语动词的辨析;2. 英语句子的基本句型结构;3. 初中阶段主要句型的用法。【名师点睛】短语动词是中考的重要内容之一。在初中阶段,我们已经学习了不少短语动词,把他们加以归纳总结,进行重点复习是十分必要的。英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体,其用法有的相当于及物动词,有的相当于不及物动词,有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。1. 短语动词的分类(1)动词介词常见的有 look for, look after, ask for, laugh at, hear of 等。这类
2、短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如:Dont laugh at others.Tom asked his parents for a bike.(2)动词副词常见的有 give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in,等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边。如:Youll hand in your homework tomorrow.Please dont forget to hand it in.(3)动词副词介词常见的有 go on with, catch up wit
3、h 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:Go on and Ill catch up with you in five minutes.After a short rest, he went on with his research work.(4)动词名词介词常见的有 take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:You should pay attention to your handwriting.We should make full use of our time.
4、(5)动词形容词常见的有 leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前边,也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前边。如:The prisoners were set free.He cut it open.(6)动词名词常见的有 take place, make friends 等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如:This story took place three years ago.I make friends with a lot of people.2. 短语动词的辨析(1)be made
5、 in(在生产或制造) ,be made of(由组成或构成)(2)come down(下来;落),come along(来;随同),come to oneself(苏醒),come true(实现),come out(花开;发芽;出现;出来),come over(过来;顺便来访) ,come in(进来),come on(来吧;跟着来;赶快), come up with(找到;提出)(3)do ones best(尽最大努力), do well in(在干得好), do ones homework(做作业),do some reading(阅读)(4)fall asleep(入睡),fall
6、 behind(落在后面),fall off(从掉下),fall down(到下;跌倒)(5)get down(下来;落下),get on(上车),get to(到达),get up(起床),get back(回来;取回),get off(下来),get on well with(与相处融洽),get married(结婚),get together(相聚)(6)give up(放弃),givea hand(给与帮助),give a concert(开音乐会)(7)go back(回去),go on(继续),go home(回家),go to bed(睡觉),go over(过一遍;仔细检查)
7、,go out(外出;到外面),go wrong(走错路),go on doing(继续做某事),go shopping(买东西),go boating(去划船), go fishing(去钓鱼),go hiking(去徒步旅行),go skating(去滑冰),go straight along(沿着一直往前走)(8)have a look(看一看), have a seat(坐下), have supper(吃晚餐), have a rest(休息), have sports(进行体育活动), have a cold(感冒), have a cough(咳嗽), have a good t
8、ime(过得愉快), have a headache(头痛),have a try(尝试;努力)(9)look for(寻找),look out(留神; 注意),look over(仔细检查),look up(向上看;抬头看),look after(照顾; 照看),look at(看; 观看),look like(看起来像),look the same(看起来像),(10)make friends(交朋友),make phone calls(打电话),make money(赚钱),make the bed(整理床铺),make a noise(吵闹),make a faces(做鬼脸),mak
9、e ones way to(往走去),make room for(给腾出地方),make a decision(做出决定),make a mistake(犯错误),make up ones mind(下决心)(11)put on(上演;穿上;戴上),put up(挂起;举起),put down(把某物放下来),put away(把某物收起来), put off(推迟)(12)take off(脱掉衣服),take photos(照相),take time(花费时间),take out(取出),take a seat(坐下),take an active part in(积极参加),take c
10、are of(照顾;照料;注意),take exercise(做运动),take ones place(坐某人的位置;代替某人的职务),take turn(轮流)(13)talk about(谈话;交谈),talk with(和交谈)(14)turn on(打开电灯,收音机,煤气,自来水等),turn off(关上电灯,收音机,煤气,自来水等),turn down(关小;调低),turnover(把翻过来)(15)think of(认为;想起),think about(考虑)3.句子的基本句型结构根据句子所用动词的不同,句子可归纳为五个基本句型。(1)主语+连系动词+表语。例如:My moth
11、er is a doctor.Her voice sounds nice.(2)主语+不及物动词。例如:He runs fast.We study hard.(3)主语+及物动词+宾语。例如:Children often sing this song.He studies English.1)常用-ing 形式, 而不用不定式作宾语的动词有:enjoy, finish, feel like, consider, practise, keep, suggest, mind 等。例如:She enjoys reading novels and swimming.I finished reading
12、 the book last night.2)常用不定式,而不用-ing 形式作宾语的动词有:wish, hope, agree, plan, decide, refuse 等。例如:Where do wish to sit?Tom agreed to lend some money.3)有些及物动词既可用不定式,由可用-ing形式作宾语,但意义不同。这类动词常见的有:remember, forget 等。例如:Please remember to post the letter for me.请记住替我发了这封信。I remember posting the letter.我记得那封信寄过了
13、。Stop 的用法同上面的词相仿,不过 stop 后面跟不定式不是作宾语,而是作状语。试比较下列句子:He stopped to smoke. 他停下来吸烟。He stopped smoking. 他停止吸烟了。4)有些及物动词的宾语,既可用不定式,又可用-ing 形式,意义基本相同。这类动词常见的有:like, love, hate, begin, start, continue 等。例如:I like to swim in summer.I like swimming in summer.(4)主语+及物动词+ 间接宾语+直接宾语。例如:My father bought me a new
14、bike.He gave me an apple.1)及物动词之后跟有双宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物。指人的为间接宾语,指物的为直接宾语。一般情况下,间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后。如果要把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,间接宾语前需加介词。例如:Please pass me a cup of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to me.Show me your new book, please. =Please show your new book to me.2)把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,间接宾前有时加介词 to, 有时加介词 for,这主要取决于谓语动词。一般在动词
15、 give, tell, sell, lend, show 之后加 to。在动词 buy, make, get 等之后加for。例如:Would you lend me your dictionary, please? =Would you lend your dictionary to me, please?Toms mother bought him a pair of new shoes. =Toms mother bought a pair of new shoes for him.(5)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。例如:We keep our classroom clean a
16、nd tidy.I hear someone singing in the next room.1)及物动词指后跟有复合宾语,一个是宾语,一个是宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。例如:We call him Jack.Dont get your hands dirty.2)在及物动词之后,用不定式作宾语补足语和用-ing 形式作宾语补足语表示的意思往往不同。用不定式作宾语补足语指事情的全过程;用-ing 形式作宾语补足语指正在进行的动作的一部分。例如:I heard him sing that song. (我听他唱过那首歌。)When I came back, I heard him singing in the room.(我回来时,听见他正在房间里唱歌。)3)在感官动词 see, hear, feel, watch, listen to, look at 使役动词 let, make, have等的复合宾语种,不定式须省去 to。但变为被动句时,省去的 to 要加上。例如:I