《英语四级翻译解题技巧》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语四级翻译解题技巧（38页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、.翻译技巧.n大学英语四级考试中翻译部分为汉译英 ，共5个句子，一句一题，句长为15-30 词。句中的一部分已用英文给出，要求 考生根据全句意思将汉语部分译成英语 。考试时间为5分钟。分值占5%。翻译须 符合英语的语法结构和表达习惯，要求 用词准确。翻译题型概述.翻译题型三大考点： n1. 固定搭配考点：这是翻译中的最 为核 心的考点，也是近几次命题密 度最高的 知识点，应该引起考生的 高度重视。比 如说名词与动词搭配， 形容词与名词搭 配，动词与副词的 修饰关系，名词与介 词搭配，更为 重要的是常见的固定词组 以及固定 表达，这些都可能成为本次考 试的 命题重点。.n2. 核心语法考点：这部
2、分语法考点 大多 数是以前词汇语法考点的重 现和转移， 这一点要引起同学的重 视，尽管词汇单 选题现在不考了， 但是还是不能忽视这 部分题目，因 为考点是一致的。核心语 法考点最 重要的虚拟语气，其次是倒装 结构、 从句知识、倒装结构、非谓语动 词 等。.n3. 核心动词以及动词短语的考查。 .核心语法考点.一、 虚拟语气虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下：n 1. (should)+动词原形的情形n 2. if或but for等引导的条件句n 3. wish, if only, it is time的用法.(should)+动词原形的情形 n1.1在动词suggest, order, demand,
3、 propose, command, request, desire, insist, require, decide, promise, resolve, argue, maintain, determine, recommend, advise, advocate, persuade等表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”动词后的宾语 从句中。n She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance. 她坚持要预定座位。n He advised that the doctor (should) be sent for. 他劝 我们派人
4、请医生。n 注：如果上述动词作其他意思解释，或者说话者 认为所讲的事是事实，要用陈述语气。n When asked why he declined our invitation, he suggested that he was not on good terms with the director.真题重现n 【CET-4:2006.6】The professor required that _(我们交研究报 告)。 参考答案：we hand in our research report(s).n1.2在advice, demand, order, necessity, resolution
5、, decision, proposal, requirement, suggestion, idea, recommendation, request, plan,等名词后的主语从句或表语从句中- -上面动词对应的名词He issued the order that the troops (should) withdraw at once. 他命令部队马上撤退。.1.3在形容词important, necessary, imperative, natural, urgent, essential, appropriate, desirable, vital, advisable, prefe
6、rable, incredible以及短语no wonder, a pity等可 以构成“It is +形容词（名词）+that”句型 中。It is necessary that some immediate effort (should) be made. 必须立即采取行动。.真题重现【CET-6:2007.6】It is absolutely unfair that these children _(被剥夺了受教育的 权利).参考答案：These children (should) be deprived of the right to receive education.if或but
7、for等引导的条件句 .if引导虚拟条件句的用法 条件从句 结果主句 与现在 事实相 反 动词过去式(be动词用 were) would+动词原 形 与过去 事实相 反 had+过去分词(had done) would have done 与将来 事实相 反 一般过去时/were+不定 式/should+动词原形 would(should)+ 动词原形 .nHe wouldnt feel so cold if he were indoors.n他要是在室内就不会觉得冷了（与现在事实相反）nI am sorry I am very busy just now. If I had time, I
8、would certainly go to the movies with you.n我很抱歉，现在很忙。如果有时间，我肯定陪你去看 电影了。（与现在事实相反）nThe conference wouldnt have been so successful if we hadnt made adequate preparations.n如果我们不做充分的准备，会议是不会开得这么成功 的。（与过去事实相反）nIf it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow, I should (would) stay at home.n如果明天下雪，我就呆在家里。nbu
9、t for=if it were not for/if it had not been forlnBut for your help they would not have fulfilled the task in time.n如果没有你的帮助，他们不可能按时完成任务。.真题重现n【CET-4:2006.12】The victim -(本来会 有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time. n参考答案：would have a chance to surviven【CET-6:2007.12】But for mobile phone, _（我
10、们的通讯就不可能如此迅速和方便)n参考答案：our communication would not be so efficient and convenient.n【CET-6:2007.1】If you had _(听 从了我的忠告， 你就不会陷入麻烦). n参考答案：followed my advice/suggestion, you would not have been/be in trouble.It is (high, about) time 此句型要求用虚拟语气n谓语动词用过去式，指现在或将来的情 况，表示“早该干某事而已经有些晚了”nIts time_(采取措 施) about
11、 the traffic problem downtown.nsomething was done/some measures were taken.动词wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气 与现在事实相反 were或动词的一般过去与过去事实相反 had done或would/could have done将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望would/should(could, might)+动词原形nI wish she were here. n她在这里就好了。nI wish you would go with us tomorrow. n但愿你明天跟我们一块去。nI wish she had ta
12、ken my advice. n那时她要是听我的话就好了。.if only后用虚拟语气（要是就太 好了）n现在没有实现的愿望 一般过去式n过去没有实现的愿望 过去完成式nIf only she had known where to find you. n他要是知道到哪里去找你就好了。nIf only I could speak several foreign languages!n我要是能讲几种外语就好了！.从句n从句的内容非常庞杂，该专题主要讲解 在翻译题可能考察的名词性从句、定语 从句、状语从句等。.一 名词性从句n名词从句是指行使名词功能的从句，包 括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同 位
13、语从句以及补语从句。.1.主语从句-从句作主语n主语从句主要由that, what, whether, how以及其它词引导， 还有就是由代词it作形式主语。nThat he survived the accident is a miracle.n他在这场事故中幸免于难，真是奇迹。n特别提示：尽管that并没有实际含义，但是他起到引导主 语从句的功能，在这里不可或缺。nWhat he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance.n他喜欢做的事情被社会所忽视认为毫无价值，无足轻重。nHow he managed
14、to finish the job is of interest to us all.n他是如何设法完成这项工作的，我们对此都很感兴趣nWhether the results will be valuable depends partly on our attitudes towards it.n结果是否有价值在部分程度上取决于我们对此的态度n特别提示：whether引导的主语从句位于句首时，whether 不能由if代替。.2.宾语从句-从句作宾语。nThe court decisions have ordered that public schools take the necessary
15、 steps to provide that education.n法院裁决责令公立学校必须采取必要步骤提供 这种教育。nI cant understand why he avoided speaking to me.n我不理解他为什么不跟我说话。真题重现 【CET-4：2007.12】Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life _(是 用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn.n参考答案：is measured by how much they can loan.3.表语从句-从句作表语nThe next question we have to decide is when we have to submit the annual report.n我们必须决定的下一个问题是，什么时 候我们必须呈交年度报告。n【CET-4：2007.12】In my sixties, one change I notice is that _(我比以前更容 易累了)。n参考答案：I am more likely to get tired than before.二 定语从句n定语从句是修饰限定名词或代词的从句。掌握 定语从句的关键在于把握引导词，
