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1、专题六 动词和动词短语一、动词分类一览表分类类功能及构 成例词词例句备备注实义动实义动 词词 及物动词动词 宾语宾语 give, tell, send, etc. He gave me a present. 实义动词实义动词 又可分为为 延续续性动动 词词和非延 续续性动词动词 不及物动动 词词后不加 宾语宾语 work, swim, arrive, etc. He arrived late. 系 动动 词词本身有 词义词义 ， 不能单单 独用作 谓语谓语 ， 必须须跟 表语语构 成系表 结结构 状态类态类 be, remain, keep, stay, continue, stand, si
2、t, lie, prove, turn out, work out, seem, appear He is a teacher. He always kept silent at meeting. The plan turned out a success. He seems (to be) very sad. The search proved difficult. 感觉类觉类 feel, smell, sound, taste, look This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet. 大部分的表 示变变
3、化类类的 系动词动词 有 进进行时态时态 ，但所有的 系动词动词 都没 有被动结动结 构 变变化类类 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run, make The fish went bad. He became a doctor two years ago. She grew rich within a short time. 助动词动词 本身没有词义词义 ，用以帮 助构成时态时态 、 语态语态 、否定 句、疑问问句、 倒装句等结结 构。不可单单 独使用，须须 与动词动词 原形 或分词词构成 复合谓语谓语 be, have, do, shall
4、 和 will的 各种形式 He doesnt like English. He did know that. I have bought a car. Do you like college life? Never will I come back 情态动态动 词词 无人称和数的 变变化。表示说说 话话人的情感、 态态度、语语气、 命令、推测测等 。必须须和动动 词词原形连连用构 成谓语谓语 (ought 除外) can (could), may (might), shall (should), will (would), must, need, dare We cant carry the
5、 heavy box. He may come tomorrow. We must study hard. 详见语详见语 法专题专题 之情态动词态动词 和 虚拟语拟语 气 二、动词短语 动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短 语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含意上 的辨异及不同短语的辨异。 动词短语构成一览表：构成例词词例句动词动词 +副词词 turn up, turn off,etc. Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left. Please turn every light in the
6、 house off. 动词动词 介词词 agree with ,etc. I agree with you on that point. 动词动词 +副词词介词词 look forward to,etc. I look forward to seeing you soon. 动词动词 +名词词介词词 make use of ,etc. You should make full use of your time. 动词动词 +名词词 take place,etc. Great changes are taking place in our life.动词和动词短语是历年高考单项填空考查的核心。
7、设题时往 往都是给出四个不同的动词或动词短语来考查考生在具体语境中 对其的理解和实际运用能力。【考点一】考查助动词的用法 助动词有be (am, is, are, was, were, been), have(has, had), do(does, did), will(would), shall(should)。它们本身没有词义，只 和实义动词的一定形式构成复合谓语，用来表示时态和语态，构 成否定、疑问及加强语气等。 （1）助动词be (am, is, are, were, been)的用法 结结构用法例句be+现现在分词词 构成进进行时态时态 They are having a meeti
8、ng. be+过过去分词词 构成被动语态动语态The window was broken by Tom. be to do sth.表示计计划、安排或命令 He is to go to New York next week. be going to do sth. 表示计计划或有迹象表明 将要发发生某事 Look at the dark clouds. Its going to rain. （2）助动词have (has, had)的用法 结结构用法例句have+过过去分词词构成完成时态时态 He has left for London. Have you seen the film? He
9、had left for London before I came. have been+现现在分 词词 构成完成进进行时态时态 What have you been doing these days? （ 3）助动词do(does, did) 的用法 结结构用法例句do+主语语+动词动词 原形 构成一般疑问问句 Did you study German? do not+动词动词 原形 构成实义动词实义动词 的否 定形式 I do not want to be criticized. do+动词动词 原形 用于祈使句或陈陈述 句中加强语语气 He did buy a new car yeste
10、rday. Do do some work. 代替前面刚刚出现现的动词动词 以避免重复 My mother told me to go to bed early. So I did. 【考点二】常考的变化类系动词辨析系动词动词用法常用结结构例句go由好到坏或 由正常到不常 的 变变化“保持” go bad；go blind；go mad; go hungry (unreported,unnoticed) The tire went flat. He often went hungry in the past. come变变成为为（已 知 的状态态）； 证实为证实为 come true;come
11、 right Things will come right in the end. His dream will come true sooner or later. run“变变成”run short；run dryThe well has run dry.turn成为为与以前完 全不同的东东西 。多接表示颜颜色 或天气的形容 词词或不带带冠词词 的名词词。The trees turn red in autumn. He has turned writer. fall“进进入（某种状 态态）；成为为”fall asleep； fall ill； fall lame； fall silentT
12、he old men, unable to express himself, fell silent. get “变变成，变变得 起 来”。较较口语语化 。强调调“逐渐渐”。后接形容词词、分 词词、介词词短语语。The days are getting longer and longer. become “成为为”，普通用语语，多表示过过去完成的事。become+a(n)+名 词词She has become a lawyer. He became angry with me. grow“渐渐变渐渐变 得起来 ；长长得”，强调调其变变 化过过程。常可接表示天气 的形容词词。Its growin
13、g warm. appear“显显得，好像”， 常用于正式文 体中。指给给他 人的表面印象， 有时时含有实质实质 上并非如此之意 。 appear to be/adj./n./prep. appear to do; It appears that.; appear as if/ though He appeared to be talking to himself. It appears that they are right. The river appeared as if enveloped in smog. seem“似乎，好像”。 指说话说话 人内心的 估计计与判断，有 一定依据，接
14、近 于实际实际 情况。seem to be/adj./n./prep. seem to do； It seems that.; seems as if /though The young man seemed to have changed much. It seems that she is happy. She seemed as if she couldnt understand why Laura was there .look“好像，看起来”，一 般用于非正式场场合。 侧侧重由视觉视觉 得到的印 象。look+adj./n./prep. look like; look as if/t
15、hough She looks like her mother. It looks as if we are going to have snow. 【考点三】考查主动形式表被动意义的用法 （1）need, want, require(要求，需要), deserve(应得，值得), be worth(值得)，后面接doing主动形式表被动意义。 The book is worth reading. These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully. Your ha
16、ir wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).（2）不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或 代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不 定式要用主动表被动含义。 I have much work to do.（与work有动宾关系，与I有主谓关系） 比较：I have a letter to be typed. （3）不定式作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时(主语+系动词+形容 词+不定式)，如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义时(difficult, easy, comfortable, convenient, hard, cheap, expensive,etc.)，不定 式
