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1、20th Century English LiteratureThe Social BackgroundwThe natural and social sciences development led to great gains in material wealth.wFrequent economic depressions and mass unemployment sharpened the contradictions between the rich and poor.(3) The two catastrophic world wars weakened the British
2、Empire and brought about great sufferings to its people as well.1. The appalling shock of the First World severely destroyed peoples faith in the Victorian values; The postwar economic dislocation and spiritual disillusion produced a profound impact upon the British people, who came to see the preva
3、lent wretchedness in capitalism. 2. The Second World War marked the last stage of the disintegration of the British Empire. Britain suffered heavy losses in the war: thousands of people were killed; the economy was ruined; and almost all its former colonies were lost. People were in economic, cultur
4、al, and belief crises. 2.1 New Theories and Ideasv Darwins Evolutionary Theoryv Einsteins Theory of Relativity v Freuds Analytical Psychology佛洛伊德的心理分 析v Karl Marks and Friedrich Engelss Theory of Scientific Socialism卡尔马克和弗里德里希恩格 斯的科学社会主义理论 v Arthur Schopenhauers Pessimism亚瑟叔本华的 悲观主义v Friedrich Nietz
5、sches Doctrines of Power and Superman弗里德里希尼采学说 vHenry Bergsons Irrational Philosophy亨利柏格森 的非理性主义哲学2. Cultural Background2. Cultural BackgroundRealism in the 20th Century English Literaturev二十世纪英国现实主义文学改变了维多利亚 时代那种高雅温和的倾向，加强了对英国社 会的保守性和虚伪性的批判，具有一种冷峻 地直面人生的特点。伦敦塔桥Modernismv1. A reaction against realis
6、mv2. Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and psychoanalysis as its theoretical base.v3. The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorted, alienated and ill relationships between man and nature, man and society, man and man, man and himself.v4. The modernist writers concentrate mo
7、re on the private than on the public, more on the subjective than on the objective. They are mainly concerned with the inner being of an individual. In their writings, the past, the present, and the future are mingled to gather and exist at the same time in the consciousness of an individual.English
8、 Novel of Early 20th CenturyvThe Realists:v The English realists at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th continued and developed the traditions of the brilliant school of critical realism. They sought for new ways and means of revealing the truth of life. In their works criticism of the
9、 bourgeois world reaches considerable depth and poignancy. The Poetry in England in the 20th centuryThe modernist poets fought against the romantic fuzziness and self-indulged emotionalism, advocating new ideas in poetry-writing. They advocate to use the language of common speech, to create new rhyt
10、hms as the expression of a new mood, to allow absolute freedom in choosing subjects, and to use hard, clear and precise images in poems.The Modernistic DramaThe modern dramatist expressed their satire towards the upper-class people by revealing their corruption, their snobbery, and their hypocrisy.
11、The English dramatic revolution developed in directions: the working-class drama and the Theater of Absurd荒诞派戏剧.George Bernard Shaw (18561950) 乔治萧伯纳 va greatest critical realistic playwright 2.In Chancery骑虎难下; 3.To Let出租 .A Modern Comedy现代喜剧 1.The White Monkey白猿; 2.The Silver Spoon银匙; 3.Swan Song天鹅曲
12、v7. Virginia Woolf was an important female _ in the 20th-century England.vA. poetvB. biographervC. playwrightvD. novelistv Dv选D。弗吉尼亚伍尔芙是英国著名小说家 ，第二次世界大战期间，她是伦敦文学界的 核心人物Virginia Woolf (18821941) 弗吉尼亚伍尔夫 vNovelist, critic and feministvBecame the center of artists known as “Bloomsbury Group”布 卢姆茨伯里派vFo
13、unded the Hogarth Press （ 霍加斯出版社 ）in 1917 vThe main exponents(代表者)of Modernism and one of the great innovative novelists of the 20th century. vMrs. Dalloway黛洛维夫人vTo the Lighthouse到灯塔去vThe Waves波浪vA Room of Ones Own自己的房间vThree Guineas三个基尼 8. Which of the following writers is a poetof the 20th century
14、?A. T. S. EliotB. D. H. LawrenceC. Theodore DreiserD. James JoycevvA A 艾略特艾略特，20世纪诗人，是西方现代诗派的先驱人物，由长诗荒原 (1922)在世界文坛上产生了强烈的反响，并因此获得了诺贝尔文学 奖。同时，艾略特又是一位著名的批评家，其“非人格”的诗歌批评理 论对于现代文学本体论批评观念的确立起了先导作用，在西方文论史 上占有重要地位。vB. 劳伦斯(1885-1930)，小说家，主要作品为査泰莱夫人与情人 （1928）、儿子与情人（1913）、虹（1915）和恋爱中 的女人vC. 西奥多德莱塞(1871-1945)
15、，自然主义小说家，代表作为嘉莉妹 妹（1900）、珍妮姑娘（1911）等，是美国现代小说的先驱和 代表作家,被认为是同海明威、福克纳并列的美国现代小说的三巨头之 一。vD. 詹姆斯乔伊斯（1882-1941），爱尔兰小说家。代表作包括短篇小 说集都柏林人（1914）、长篇小说一个青年艺术家的画像（ 1916）、尤利西斯（1922）以及芬尼根的苏醒T.S.Eliot (18881965) 艾略特 vGreat poet, dramatist and literary criticvWon the Order of Merit(勋章) and the Nobel Prize in 1948 vAs a dramatist, he was best known for his verse-drama Murder in the Cathedral(1935) 大教堂谋杀案vImportant poems :vThe Waste Land (1922)荒原vFour Quartets (19351942)四个四重奏 vThe Hollow Men (1925) 空心人v9. Who is the author of The Waste Land? v A. George Bernard Shaw.v B. W.B. Yeats. C. Dylan Thomas. v D. T.S. E
