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1、3） During the 2nd World War and post-war era, the UK had experienced an economic decline since 1945. This is a relative decline rather than an absolute one. Actually Britain was more wealthier and more productive than it was in 1945, but since other countries developed more rapidly , people have suc
2、h an impression. A. It has dropped from being the 2nd largest economy to being the 6th. This causes relative declines after the 2nd World War : B. Britain had gone heavily into debt in order to finance the 2nd World War. During the war, it sold many of its accumulated overseas assets (长期积累的海外资产，英 国在
3、历史上有很多海外殖民地)and borrowed large amount from U.S. and Canada.C. British colonies which used to provide raw materials and big markets gained Independence one after another.D. Britain was heavily burdened with the huge military expenditure during the process of decolonization.E. Britain also lacked the
4、investment in modern equipment and new products, and low output in old industries.F. long-standing economic problem - a lack of close relationship between bank and industries.所谓Absolute Decline and Relative Decline 绝对衰退和相 对衰退，是相对而言。英国经济其实一直在不断发展中， 但因其他国家发展速度较之英国更快，所以英国的经济才 显得相对衰退。2 Economic story af
5、ter World War IIA. By the mid-1950s , things were definitely rosy for Britain: unemployment was low; wages were far higher than before the war; more and more people were buying cars and going on holidays.B. By the 1960s, Britain was one of the worlds leading industrial as well as nuclear powers, a “
6、permissive age” for many British people.CIn the 1970s, Britain was beset with troubles both at home and abroad. Although Britains rate of economic growth averaged 2%3% annually up to 1971, yet the rate dropped considerably in subsequent years. The optimism of the 1960s disappeared. The oil embargo(石
7、油禁运) declared by Opec and coal-miners strike at home forced the government to declare the State of Emergency in 1973. Edward Heaths Conservative Government was brought down at the general election. D. Britains membership in the European Community (now called the European Union) was endorsed by the n
8、ational referendum of 1973(全民公决). It was a major step to link Britain with other Western European countries. The EU consists of 3 communities set up by separate treaties:1) the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) 欧洲煤钢联营2) the European Economic Community (EEC) 欧洲经济共同体3)the European Atomic Energy
9、 Community (EAEC) 欧洲原子能共同体 Shipping was the essential lifeline for the nations economy. Ninety-nine per cent of the trade in and out of the country went by ship- and over half of it in British ships. Shipping was also a significant British success story. It earned over 1,000 million a year in foreig
10、n exchange earnings: without the merchant fleet, the balance of payments would be permanently in deficit, despite North Sea oil. Now it was greatly threatened by other countries. Today Britain has discovered 50 oil fields in the North Sea, with a reserve of 2.2 billion tons. Production began in the
11、second half of 1975 and went up gradually. In 1976 production of crude oil reached 52.8 million tons. It was estimated that by 1980 production rose to about 110 million tons. And if so, Britain was self-sufficient in oil.3. British diseaseA. low growth of productivity, B. soaring inflation and deval
12、uation of the currency C. high unemployment rate4. The causes of the disease (according to some of the western economists)A. excessive socialism ( one-fourth of production and service industries were nationalized . Many of the state-owned enterprises made thin profit (微利) or ran at a loss.( 亏 损经营)B.
13、 its fromcradlegrave social welfare program e.g. 1) the National Health Service 公共医疗卫生服务， providing free treatment for all English people. 2) the Social Security System 社会福利保障体系，securing a basic standard of living for people in financial troubles, transferred too much money from the haves to the hav
14、e-nots through the system, thus, dampered peoples enthusiasm for self-reliance and encourage “dependency culture”, being contented themselves with relying on social welfare benefits and refused to make efforts to improve themselves. That is called the redistribution or transferring money (from the h
15、aves to the have-nots)C. the workers attitude to high technology (over-anxious to keep their jobs, reluctant to use labor-saving techniques that implies firing more workers e.g. Murdochs newspaper plant AKA Keith Rupert Murdoch Born: 11-Mar-1931 Birthplace: Melbourne, Australia Gender: Male Religion
16、: Christian Race or Ethnicity: White Sexual orientation: Straight Occupation: Business Nationality: United StatesKeith Rupert Murdoch默多克（1931-）名闻欧、美、澳洲的报业巨子。出生于墨尔本。父亲为著名的战地记者和出版商。在牛津大学获硕士学位，经他父亲的朋友比弗布鲁克勋爵推荐，进伦敦每日快报任副编辑。其父去世后，他返回澳大利亚继承父业，接管新闻报和 星期日邮报。之后立即采用两年来从每日快报所学的危言耸听的 报道方法，不久把新闻报由持重的报纸变成以色情、丑闻充斥的报 纸，销售量因此激增。后来打入英国报界，如伦敦的世界新闻周刊 ，以色情、丑闻为内容，使其销售量增至600万份。后
