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1、Author:孙得发孙得发 博士博士诺伟司诺伟司东北东北亚区技术总监亚区技术总监N Novus International ovus International 母猪微量元素的应用实践母猪微量元素的应用实践 Practice nutrition of trace Practice nutrition of trace mineral n Sowmineral n Sow2Agenda 母猪微量元素缺乏的表现现 妊娠期胚胎对微量元素的需求 母猪微量元素需求和利用率的矛盾 螯合有机微量元素在母猪中的应用3母猪微量元素缺乏问题 母猪微量元素缺乏会导致肢蹄病的发生率和淘汰率增高4母猪微量元素缺乏导导致
2、的皮肤角质质化5Joint Samples from Experimental Farms 6骨软化症Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer, 1993. Pathology of Domestic Animals.7猪骨软化症与软骨生长板异常 有关正常生长长板骨软软化症生长长板Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer, 1993. Pathology of Domestic Animals.8Agenda 母猪微量元素缺乏的表现妊娠期胚胎对对微量元素的需求 母猪微量元素需求和利用率的矛盾 螯合有机微量元素在母猪中的应用9Days of Gestation FeTrace
3、 mineral deposition in Fetus mgAdapted from Ma, 2011矿物质在胚胎的沉积妊娠天数铁和锌10Days of Gestation Trace mineral deposition in Fetus mgAdapted from Ma, 2011矿物质在胚胎的沉积锰,毫克妊娠天数11Days of Gestation Trace mineral deposition in Fetus gAdapted from Ma, 2011矿物质在胚胎的沉积硒,微克妊娠天数12Days of Gestation Trace mineral deposition
4、in Fetus mgAdapted from Ma, 2011铜,毫克矿物质在胚胎的沉积妊娠天数13TM in whole litter during gestation Adapted from Ma, 2011Day of gestation 妊娠天数43587391101108115Cu, mg3.0310.1715.2419.4533.1441.0755.35Fe, mg6.1233.9121.6285.1394.9609.4705.9Mn, mg0.050.561.683.864.696.457.48Zn, mg3.4423.057.8117.6178.4241.3281.7Se,
5、 mg0.020.140.420.901.442.132.49微量元素在妊娠期中沉积的总量14Trace minerals change in maternal liver Day of gestation Element s43587391101108OpenP-value*Cu, mg72.6 114.390.760.461.988.466.0 0.03CFe, mg333326321305339313475 0.69Mn, mg3.033.083.212.913.102.912.90 0.51Zn, mg134114143100135138172 0.48Se, mg 1.291.241
6、.251.261.351.301.25 0.55*Note: L: linear response, Q: quadratic response, C: cubic responseMineral analyzed by ICP-MS 妊娠期间微量元素在母体肝脏中的变化妊娠天数15Agenda 母猪微量元素缺乏的表现 妊娠期胚胎对微量元素的需求母猪微量元素需求和利用率的矛盾 螯合有机微量元素在母猪中的应用16母猪为为什么容易出现现微量元 素缺乏？ 首先说说明是高产产母猪 母猪在胎儿发发育和泌乳过过程中动动用了自身的微量元素 妊娠母猪日粮是高纤维纤维 和高植酸磷，影响微量元素吸收 随着母猪胎龄龄
7、的增加 体重增大，维维持需要也增大17矿矿物质质 Mineral泌乳需求 Milk demand1摄摄入 Intake2需要的利用效率 Required efficiency3(g or mg/day)(g or mg/day)(%)铜铜 Copper (mg)1826.368铁铁 Iron (mg)274206锰锰 Manganese (mg)11051硒Selenium (mg)0.30.837锌锌 Zinc (mg)70263271 Calculated assuming an average milk production of 10 kg/day and with average m
8、ilk mineral concentrations derived from Park et al. (1994), and Mahan (2000). 2 Assuming a daily feed intake of 5.25 kg (NRC, 1998).3 Minimum dietary mineral utilization efficiency required for milk production.泌乳母猪微量矿矿物质质日摄摄入 和需求计计算值值Calculated daily mineral intakes and demands for lactating sows (C
9、ont.)(Richards and Close, 2001)1718后备备母猪和繁殖母猪血清和肝脏脏中锌锌， 铁铁和铜浓铜浓度的比较较 A comparison of concentrations of zinc, iron & copper in serum and liver from gilts and sows(Richards and Close, 2001)1819(%)第三胎次母猪 VS 非妊娠母猪，同年龄 3rd Litter Sows compared to Non-Gravid, Same Age繁殖母猪渐进渐进式脱矿矿变变化 Progressive deminerali
10、zation of reproducing sows % change(Mahan and Newton, 1995. as adapted from Boyd, 2004) 1920妊娠和泌乳母猪 微量矿物质需求的变化Trace Mineral Changesfor Gestating and Lactating Sows2021妊娠和泌乳母猪微量矿矿物质质需 求的变变化Trace Mineral Changes for Gestating and Lactating Sows 21 铜 Copper (Cu)in NRC (1998)妊娠期 Gestation泌乳期 LactationRe
11、quirements铜铜 Copper (mg)5.05.0妊娠期 Gestation泌乳期 LactationRequirements铜铜 Copper (mg)10.020.0 铜 Copper (Cu)in NRC (2012)2222 锰 Manganese (Mn)in NRC (1998)妊娠期 Gestation泌乳期 LactationRequirements锰锰 Manganese (mg)20.020.0妊娠期 Gestation泌乳期 LactationRequirements 锰锰 Manganese (mg)25.025.0 锰 Manganese (Mn)in NR
12、C (2012)Trace Mineral Changes for Gestating and Lactating Sows 2323 锌 Zinc (Zn)in NRC (1998)妊娠期 Gestation泌乳期 LactationRequirements锌锌 Zinc (mg)50.050.0妊娠期 Gestation泌乳期 LactationRequirements锌锌 Zinc (mg)100.0100.0 锌 Zinc (Zn)in NRC (2012)妊娠和泌乳母猪微量矿矿物质质需求 的变变化Trace Mineral Changes for Gestating and Lact
13、ating Sows 24中国母猪微量矿矿物质质需求 Sow Mineral Requirement in ChinaChinaNRC 2012NRC 1998妊娠期 Gestation泌乳期 Lactation妊娠期 Gestation泌乳期 Lactation妊娠期 Gestation泌乳期 Lactation 铜铜 Copper, ppm5.05.010205.05.0(35)(35)铁铁 Iron, ppm758080808080(750)(750)锰锰Manganese, ppm1820.525252020(150)(150)锌锌 Zinc, ppm45511001005050(15
14、0)(150)硒 Selenium, ppm0.140.150.150.150.150.15(0.5)(0.5)()上限 ( ) upper limitation2425An attempt to address the needs of sows in a commercial operation with higher vitamins and trace minerals商业母猪使用高水平维生素和微量元素的尝试262002 data (25,571 Litters)Age related reduction of litter-size in parity 4 to 11 sows第4-
15、第11胎母猪与年龄相关的下降趋势(Adapted from Boyd, 2004)27(Adapted from Boyd, 2004)Age related death loss in sows与母猪年龄相关的死亡损失28Calculated by Boyd and Fakler from 2002 PIC USA ADFI.(Adapted from Boyd, 2004)Example of declining vitamin-TM intake with advancing reproductive age高产期母猪维生素-微量元素摄入量下降 29Response to micro-n
16、utrient equalization微量营养素平衡效应(Adapted from Boyd, 2004)30(Adapted from Boyd, 2004)Response to micro-nutrient equalization微量营养素平衡效应319.38.71.44 PSY weaned(Adapted from Boyd, 2004)Average litter-size response to corrected micro- nutrient intake窝产仔数与校正微量营养素摄入的关系32Conclusions: 结论Sow micronutrient needs should be altered to account for increasing sow weight with advancing age.母猪的微量营养素的需求应随着高产期母猪 体
