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1、Part Technical Foundation of Information Systems The section will cover both the fundamental building blocks of todays information systems, including hardware, software, database, telecommunication, and Internet, as well as the most important applications such as Electronic Businesses, ERP(Enterpris
2、e Resource Planning), Knowledge Management and DSS. Lihua, Fudan UPart Technical Foundation of Information Systems Session 7-10. Modern IT Architecture Session 11-12-13. Enterprise Information Systems ApplicationLihua, Fudan USession 7-10. Modern IT Architecture Session 7. Desktop Systems (one compu
3、ter) PC Hardware Software Systems Session8-9. Distributed Systems (many computer) Computer Networks and the Internet Distributed application and Client/Server The World Wide Web and e-commerce Session 10. Managing Data Resource Database technology Data Warehousing, OLAP, Data MiningLihua, Fudan UINP
4、UT DEVICESSECONDARY STORAGEPRIMARY STORAGESession 7. Desktop Systems COMPUTER COMPONENTSCPUOUTPUT DEVICESCOMMUNICATIONS DEVICESBUSESLihua, Fudan UCPU 而最近个人电脑硬盘最大容量已达到 137GB，而美国电脑硬盘大厂麦斯特公 司等即将开发出的新硬盘的容量可达 144GB。Lihua, Fudan U东芝微型20G高密度硬盘2月上 市 - 02-1-17 近日，东芝开发出1.8英寸硬盘可以存储20G的 内容，将广泛用在MP3播放器、各种手持设备 等上
5、，20G硬盘将在二月份上市。 已有10G和20G两个系列。 硬盘直径只有1.8英寸，大约一枚一美元银币的 大小，双面存储介质。 Creative, RCA,和SonicBlue 推出的新音乐播放 器都使用东芝10G微型硬盘。Lihua, Fudan U英特尔助阵三星淘汰软驱 20亿市场“人间蒸发” 02-1-21 ，英特尔公司将在今年下半年联 合几大PC厂商将软驱从计算机的标准配 置中“抹去”，以推动USB接口存储设备 的推广。 到2000年全球可擦写光盘的需求量已经 首次超过软盘市场，USB移动硬盘和ZIP 驱动器的需求也以每年100%的速度在增 长。Lihua, Fudan U朗科推出移动
6、存储设备 启动型优盘 （01-10-18） 体积小、重量轻 最大容量2GB 在WinMe/2000/XP、 Mac OS 9.x/Mac OS X以 及Linux 2.4.x等操作系 统上直接使用Lihua, Fudan UTrends of User Interfaces Voice Recognition 01-7-31，AT cross platform. C+ is object oriented *Lihua, Fudan UFOURTH GENERATION LANGUAGES (4GL) 4GL consists of a variety of software tools th
7、at enable end users to develop software applications with minimal or no technical assistance or that enhance the productivity of professional programmers. SIX CATEGORIES *Lihua, Fudan UFOURTH GENERATION LANGUAGES (4GL)Query language/ Report generatorsSQL RPG-IIIeg.Graphic languageSAS Graph SystatApp
8、lication generatorsPower Builder Microsoft FrontPageVery high-level Programming languageGPSS APL Nomad2Application software packageSAP R/3PC toolsLotus 1-2-3 Internet Explore Access Lihua, Fudan UMIDDLEWARESOFTWARE ALLOWS DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS TO EXCHANGE DATA *APPLICATION APPLICATION A AAPPLICATIO
9、N APPLICATION B BMIDDLE MIDDLE WAREWAREDATADATALihua, Fudan UOBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING OBJECT: combines data and procedures into a single OBJECT Object-Oriented program sends message to object to perform embedded procedure. Creates reusable code Reduces time and cost of writing software *Lihua, Fu
10、dan UOBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMINGJAVA: Sun Microsystems Object-oriented programming language HTML: Hypertext markup language, current favorite for Web pages XML: eXtensible Markup Language, further development of HTML describes data more fully XHTML: Hybrid may replace HTML as standard for Web Active
11、X: Controls for Windows software environment to enable OBJECTS: e.g.,charts, tables animations, to be embedded in a web page *Lihua, Fudan UGRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (GUI)OPERATING SYSTEM USES: GRAPHIC ICONS: Icons, buttons, bars, boxes POINTER: Mouse, pen, touch screen TO ISSUE COMMANDS MAKE SELECTI
12、ONS *Lihua, Fudan USoftware TrendsFirst GenerationSecond GenerationThree GenerationFour GenerationFive GenerationUser- Written ProgramsPackaged ProgramsOperating SystemsDatabase Management SystemsNatural and Object- Oriented Language Machine LanguagesAssembly LanguagesHigh-Level LanguagesFourth- Gen
13、eration LanguagesMultipurpose Graphic- InterfaceLihua, Fudan UApplication Software(1) Software packages tailored for a specific purpose, e.g., inventory control, payroll, accounting, finance, MRP, MRPII, ERP, Supply chain management, E-business, etc. Software packages have been developed by a vendor
14、 and is available for purchase. (2) Specific application software developed using programming languages or software development tools, when a package is not available for a certain situation.Lihua, Fudan UApplication Software(3) General-purpose application programs: Word processing: WPS, Word, Wordp
15、erfect, Amipro, PageMaker, Spreadsheet ：Excel, Lotus1-2-3, Network communication：Terminal, Mail, CC-mail, Presentation：Powerpoint, Freelance, ShowPartner, Statistical software：SAS, SPSS, BMDP, Groupware: Lotus Notes, GDSS, Graphics: VISIO professional, AUTOCAD, Others：e.g.,Chinese software: Chinese
16、Star2.0+, RicnWIN4.2, Lihua, Fudan U北京市政府软件采购 2001年12月28日，北京市政府通报了软件采购 招标结果。此次采购包括操作系统、办公软件 以及杀毒软件，其中操作系统2801套，产品由 中软和中科红旗提供；办公软件选择了金山的 WPS和中文2000的Red Office，共计11143套； 杀毒软件中标的是瑞星、金山、江民的产品， 共计13619套。惟独没有微软。 操作系统和办公软件是微软的强项，巨人微软 遭遇“出局”，业界为之震动。 Lihua, Fudan U软件的发展趋势 硬件和软件的发展是不对称的。 硬件是以等比的速度增长 （每1.5年增长一倍）, 而软件是等差级
