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1、英汉翻译理论与实践Theory and Practice of English-Chinese Translation王海萍General questions: What is translation? What is the goal of translation?Translation is an activity comprising the interpretation of the meaning of a text in one language-the source text-and the production of a new, equivalent text in anot
2、her language-called the target text, or the translation. The goal of translation is to establish a relationship of equivalence between the source and the target texts.常用翻译译工具书书、软软件、网站介绍绍教材： 1. 张培基英汉翻译教程 上海外语教育出版 社 2. 冯庆华 实用翻译教程 上海外语教育出版 社 3. 孙致礼新编英汉翻译教程上海外语教育出 版社 4. 华先发新编大学英译汉教程 同上 5. 毛荣贵新世纪大学英汉翻译教程
3、 上海交通 大学出版社 常用翻译译工具书书、软软件、 网站介绍绍词词典： 1.汉英词典（修订版），外语教学与研究出版社 2.新时代汉英大词典吴景荣 程镇球，商务印书馆 3.现代汉英词典，外语教学与研究出版社 4.英汉大词典陆谷孙，上海译文出版社 5.英汉大词典补编陆谷孙，上海译文出版社 6.新英汉词典（世纪版），上海译文出版社 7.英汉美英报刊词典周学艺 外语教学与研究出版社 8.英语姓名译名手册 商务印书馆 9.外国地名译名手册 商务印书馆10.当代英语习语 大辞典 秦秀白，天津科学技术出版社 外语教学与研究出版社 11. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary
4、 English, Longman Group Limited 12. Longman Contemporary English-Chinese Dictionary, 现代出 版社 13. The Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English with Chinese Translation, Oxford University Press (Hong Kong) 14.牛津高级双解词典 商务印书馆 15.简明不列颠百科全书Concise Encyclopdia Britannica ，中国大百科全书出版社 16.美国俚语大全中国对外翻译出版
5、公司 17.当代英汉搭配词典现代出版社（台湾）建宏出版社学术术刊物： 1、中国翻译Chinese Translators Journal 双月刊 2、外语教学与研究Foreign Language Teaching and Research 双月刊 3、外国语Journal of Foreign Languages 双月刊 4、现代外语Modern Foreign Languages季刊 5、外语学刊Foreign Languages Research季刊 6、外语与外语教学Foreign Languages and Their Teaching 月刊。 7、外语教学 Foreign Lang
6、uage Education双月刊 8、中国科技翻译Chinese Science 六朝 鸠摩罗什 “改梵为秦，失其藻蔚，虽得大意，殊隔文体 ，有似嚼饭与人，非徒失味，乃令呕哕也”；“依实出华”；“ 天然西域之语趣” 意译的鼻祖; 唐代玄奘 “求真喻俗”、“五不翻”、音译的鼻祖；第一个把汉 文著作（老子）介绍国外的中国人。科技翻译（明末清初） 徐光启、利玛窦合译了6卷 欧几里德的几何原理等 李之藻翻译了10卷 亚里士多德的辩证法概论政文翻译（鸦片战争五四运动） 严复 翻译了赫胥黎的天演论、亚当斯密的原富 、孟德斯鸠的法意等 林纾 翻译了170多部文学著作、1200万字 （巴黎茶花女遗事黑奴吁天
7、录块肉余生述王 子复仇记） 马列翻译（五四运动建国） 鲁迅、梁实秋、瞿秋白、郭沫若、林语堂、成仿吾、朱生豪 等 白话文代替文言文 建国后：傅雷、钱钟书中国译译人观观点译事三难信、达、雅。求其信已大难矣。顾信矣不达。虽 译犹不译也。则达尚焉。易曰修辞立诚。子曰辞达而已 。又曰言之无文，行之不远。三者乃文章正轨，亦即为译 事楷模。故信达而外，求其尔雅。 “凡是翻译，必须兼顾两面，一当然力求其易解，一则保 持原作的丰姿。” “以效果而论， 翻译应当像临画一样，所求得不在形似而 在神似（similarity in spirit） “文学翻译的最高标准是化。把作品从一国文字转变成另 一国文字，既不能因语
8、文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕 迹，又能完全保存原有的风味，那就算入于化境。 案本 求信 神似 化境 忠实通顺 翻译标准多元互 补论1. The translation should give a complete transcript of the idea of the original work.The style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original.The translation should have all the ease of the original c
9、omposition (A. Tytler). 2. Translation is the “the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL)” (J. C. Catford). 3.Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language messa
10、ge, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style (E. Nida).翻译译原则则与方法1. 以译出语为取向的原则（the source-language-oriented principle） Word-for-word, line-for-line literal translation；foreignization 代表人物：竺法护 Pearl Buck Advantages: 引入外来语中新鲜的表达法，丰富汉语语 言文学 Examples: Nothing could be done. We saw an acro
11、bat standing on his head. He always lives ahead of his salary. the Milky Way, the apple of my eye2. 以译入语为取向的原则（the target-language-oriented principle）代表人物：鸠摩罗什; Eugene Nida Adaptation (free translation); domestication 适合读者口味；所译英语在汉语中无对应词语 或表达法 Examples: To his dog, every man is Napoleon. (Solomon) H
12、e wanted to learn, to know, to teach. Do you see any green in my eye? Dont cross the bridge till you get to it.3. 以作者和读者为取向的原则（the author-and-reader-oriented principle） Combination of literal translation and free translation 代表人物：Tytler, 玄奘 严复 鲁迅 翻译三原则 （ Tytler ） A.) A translation should give a comp
13、lete transcript of the ideas of the original work B.) The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original C.) A translation should have all the ease of the original compositionExamples: She didnt like him much, but if she went out with him, itd be one in the eye f
14、or Kath. Ruth was upsetting the other children, so I showed her the door. Because of this explosive progress, todays machines are millions of times more powerful than their crude ancestors. (4) Euphemisms are unpleasant truths wearing diplomatic cologne. 4. 以美学为取向的原则（the aesthetics-oriented principl
15、e） 主要为文学翻译家所提倡 代表人物：Ezra Pound 傅雷、钱钟书 、许渊冲 Examples: 1) Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. 读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。 2) Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。 3)寻寻觅觅 ,冷冷清清, 凄凄惨惨戚戚。 I look for what I miss， I know not what it is：I feel so sad, and so drear,So lonely, without cheer. (许渊冲)appreciationTo be, or not to be, that is the question: (Whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to
