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1、Unit 4 理解过程及翻译对策 教学目的要求：通过对翻译过 程的回顾，了解“理解”在翻译 过程中的重要性以及如何理解 英语。 教学重点：英语理解的重点： 语境。 教学难点：多义词词义的确定 及习语的翻译。原文阐释意义译文理解译文表达翻译的过程翻译过程的重点:理解王宗炎: 辨义为翻译之本 。 理解原文的过程是一个十分复杂 的过程，是一个语义辨认、语法 分析、逻辑分析三者相互作用的 过程，是一个根据上下文关系进 行推理演绎的过程。（宋天锡， 2005：139） He is employed in watering the garden. 他被雇来浇花。/ 他忙于浇花。 He is not a m
2、ajestic personal figure like Roosevelt, and he doesnt inspire fear like Jonson. 和罗斯福一样，他不是一个代表威严的人 物，和约翰逊一样他也不会让人望而生畏 。X 他并不像罗斯福是一个代表威严的人物， 也不像约翰逊那样让人望而生畏。 2 英语中常用词、常用短语及习惯用 法的理解 1） He completed translating that novel in such short time, which made me jump out of my skin. 大吃一惊 2） The police searched
3、 him to no purpose. 警察对他仔细搜身，一无所获（毫无 结果）。 3） When she and he met again, each had been married to another. 当他们重逢时，各自与另一个人结婚了。 改译：他们重逢时，一个已经娶妻，一个 已经嫁人了。 4) We fanned out across the wood, scanning the ground and branches for anything that might help us find the missing girl. 我们在整个树林里散开（分头寻找），索 觅地面和树枝，寻
4、觅任何可能帮助我们找 到失踪女孩的线索。3 英语句子结构及词与词之间 的关系 1） There were reminiscences, as Jerrys friends reconvened. (meet again) 杰里的朋友重逢时，便谈起许 多往事。 2） The approach to the management of foreign exchange reserves by central bankers varies across the globe, ranging from a policy of neglect to detailed and highly mathema
5、tical calculations of alternative moves to reduce the risk and increase profitability. 世界各国主要银行家们对外汇交换储备的管 理方法不尽相同，有的国家对外汇管理采取某 些宽松的政策，有的国家则采取详细计算各种 外汇储备的方式，以便减少风险，提高收益。 3）Self-service gasoline has yet to make its appearance here (in Japan) in any significant way. At the minimum, the attendants fill
6、 the tank and wipe the windshield. They often empty ashtrays and stop traffic to let the motorist back on the road. 原译： 自助加油站也总要让人看得见的 方式来表现自己。服务员起码会帮你灌满 油箱和揩拭挡风玻璃。他们经常清除车内 的烟灰缸和帮助拦阻来往车辆，让车主把 车开回正道。 Self-service gasoline has yet to make its appearance here (in Japan) in any significant way. At the m
7、inimum, the attendants fill the tank and wipe the windshield. They often empty ashtrays and stop traffic to let the motorist back on the road. 改译：在这里，真正意义上的自助加油站还没 有出现。服务员起码会帮你灌满油箱和揩拭挡 风玻璃。他们也会经常清除车内的烟灰缸和帮 助拦阻来往车辆，让车主把车开回正道。 4根据语境，正确判断多义词的含义： 1） We provide a competitive compensation plan with except
8、ional benefits. If you are interested in a challenging position that requires travel and flexible hours, please fax your resume with compensation details to Pacific Information Company, 22 Fuxing Avenue, Beijing. 我们提供一项竞争的赔偿计划，还有特别的利 益。如果你对一个具有挑战性的、需要 旅游和 灵活机动的小时数赶兴趣的话，请把建立和赔 偿计划细节用传真一道寄给北京复兴路22号太 平
9、洋信息公司。 1） We provide a competitive compensation plan with exceptional benefits. If you are interested in a challenging position that requires travel and flexible hours, please fax your resume with compensation details to Pacific Information Company, 22 Fuxing Avenue, Beijing. 改译：本公司现有一个富有挑战性的、 需要经常出
10、差和办公时间可以灵活的职位 ，工资待遇高，另加优厚的资金。感兴趣 者请把简历和工资要求用传真一道寄给： 北京复兴路22号太平洋信息公司。 2） At school the student needs to increase his knowledge in an organized way, to acquire sufficient vocabulary in science for effective communication, and to learn some facts because they are very important in everyday living, such
11、 as knowledge that is useful for his health, for his safety and for an understanding of his surroundings. 学生在上学期间，需要系统地增长知识，掌握 足够的科学词汇，以便有效地进行交际。同时 还要懂得一些诸如对增进健康、保障安全以及 了解周围环境等有用的常识，因为这些常识在 日常生活中是十分重要的。5. 思维方式和逻辑习惯的差异: 1) Worse were the signs that Morton had enjoyed the cooperation of Dianas friends
12、 and relatives, who presumably would not have talked what the princess had told them not to. 更糟糕的是， 有迹象表明，莫顿得 到了黛安娜亲友的合作，他们本不应 该说出（他们说了）公主告诉他们不 要说出的事。2） Mother, I told him in no uncertain terms that I wouldnt marry him. 妈妈，我很坚决地（肯定）地告诉 他了，我不愿意和他结婚。 3) I dont think we have asked for anything that the
13、y havent done. 我认为我们要求的事情，他们都一一 办到了。6习惯用语的表达 1）While they were having a long meeting, Mary was cooling her heels waiting for the results. 他们在召开一个很长的会议时，玛丽 无所事事地等待结果。 2）If the government accepts his new proposal, the nation will be jumping out of the frying pan into the fire. 如果政府接受他的新建议，整个国家会陷 入更坏的境
14、地。（才出狼窝，有入虎穴） 3) Be careful when you talk to her. Never wear your heart on your sleeve. 跟她说话时可要当心，千万别向她袒露 心扉。This picture was electronically drawn by Erika Aoyama on March 11, 2003.This picture was electronically drawn by Erika Aoyama on October 3, 2003.4) Late last autumn, out of the blue, Sue anno
15、unced she was getting married and leaving her home country soon. We were all shocked to hear that. 去年晚秋，苏出人意料地（突然 ）宣布她要结婚并且要离开自己 的祖国，我们万分惊讶。 7 修辞手段的潜在意义： 英语修辞手段：比喻、委婉、借代、 双关等。 1) The modern farming methods of the “green revolution” will produce enough food to fill those new stomachs. 现代“绿色革命”的种植技术将生产足 够的粮食来填饱新出生人的肚皮。（ 满足新增人口的需要、填饱新增人口 的肚皮）2） He used to be painfully shy; but now hes started to blossom. 他过去一直非常害羞，但是现在他开 始活泼起来。 3) He thought he was settled for life, but when he found the firm which employed him was insolvent he saw the red light and resigned. 他本以为可以终生安顿下来，可是当 他
