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1、测绘与城市空间信息系航摄投影关系基础授 课 人 ：邱 志 伟Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.测绘与城市空间信息系内容安排航空摄影基础知识l摄影比例尺与航高l摄影过程l生产中
2、的基本要求航摄像片的投影关系及其特征l投影定义，中心投影与正射投影l中心投影的主要特征（重点）航摄像片上重要的点、线、面l透视变换的定义l航摄像片上重要的点、线、面l几何关系常用坐标系介绍(重点)Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyrig
3、ht 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.测绘与城市空间信息系一、航空摄影基础知识o航空摄影定义：利用安装在航摄飞机上的航摄仪以一定 角度对地面进行摄影。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 A
4、spose Pty Ltd.测绘与城市空间信息系o摄影比例尺与航高一、航空摄影基础知识摄影 比例 尺与 航高 间的 数字 关系 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.测绘与城市空
5、间信息系一、航空摄影基础知识o测图比例尺Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.测绘与城市空间信息系一、航空摄影基础知识摄 影 过 程 Evaluation only.Evalua
6、tion only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.测绘与城市空间信息系一、航空摄影基础知识o航摄像片Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NE
7、T 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.测绘与城市空间信息系o生产中的基本要求一、航空摄影基础知识航向重叠 度不小于 53%60%65%Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5
8、.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.测绘与城市空间信息系一、航空摄影基础知识o生产中的基本要求旁向重叠 度不小于 15%30%40%Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with As
9、pose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.测绘与城市空间信息系一、航空摄影基础知识o生产中的基本要求摄影瞬间摄影主 光轴近似与地面 垂直，偏离铅垂 线的夹角不得大于3度，夹角为 像片倾角。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with
10、 Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.测绘与城市空间信息系一、航空摄影基础知识o生产中的基本要求一条航线上的航片，由地物影像拼接后，各像主 点的连线不在一条直线上的现象，称为航线弯曲。最大偏距l与L间的比值Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.
11、0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.测绘与城市空间信息系一、航空摄影基础知识o生产中的基本要求像片旋角：相邻 像片的主点连线 与像幅沿航线方 向两框标连线的 夹角像片旋角过大会减少立体像对的有效范围Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Pro
12、file 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.测绘与城市空间信息系一、航空摄影基础知识o生产中的基本要求（补充）航迹：航线在地面的投影。对航迹的要求：航迹应与图幅上下图廓线平行。航 迹与图廓线形成一夹角，称为航迹角。航迹角应尽可能 小。对图廓的要求：超出图廓线多摄影一部分。目的：1、接边2、避免漏洞Evaluation only.Evaluation
13、 only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.测绘与城市空间信息系二、航摄像片的投影关系及其特征o投影的定义：一个空间点按一定方式在一个平面上的 构像叫做该空间点的投影。 物点、像点、投射线、像面（承影面）物点投射线像面像点Evaluat
14、ion only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.测绘与城市空间信息系二、航摄像片的投影关系及其特征o平行投影与正射投影投射线互相平行的 投影，叫做平行投影 。投射线互相平行且 垂直于投影面的投影 ，叫做
15、正射投影。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.测绘与城市空间信息系二、航摄像片的投影关系及其特征航摄仪焦距(Focus Length)：物镜节点到焦点的距离 像片主距（Prin
16、cipal distance）：物镜节点到像平面的 距离S焦距f焦点F 主光轴像平面主距d物距Da像点物点Ao中心投影Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.测绘与城市空间信息系二、航摄像片的投影关系及其特征o中心投影所有投射线或其延长线都通过一个固定点的投影，叫 做中心投影(Central Projection)。阴位：投影中心位于物和像之间。 阳位：投影中心位于物和像同侧。S投影中 心 Center of Projectio n (COP). 摄站SSEvaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Asp
