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1、 II 摘摘 要要 城市和乡村是两大各具鲜明特色的社会系统,城市是现代工业社会的代表,而农村代表着传统的农业社会。城乡关系的演变是一个动态的人类社会发展过程,协调的、良性互动的城乡关系既是区域可持续发展的基础,又是推动经济社发展的动力环。本文对环县城乡协调发展进行了系统的分析,整体而言,环县城乡联系不足,城镇的核心作用不突出,农村系统的响应能力和自发展能力弱,导致城乡结构存在诸多不足的方面。 本文共分为六个部分。 (1)对当前时代背景下研究城乡协调发展的目的、重大意义作了阐述,在对相关研究动态加以评述的基础上, 提出了论文的研究思路和方法。 (2)阐述了城乡协调发展的概念和内涵,并对城乡协调发
2、展的相关理论基础进行系统梳理。(3)初步建立了城乡协调度评价指标体系,构建城乡协调度模型,并进行动态评价,是对城乡协调发展进行的可操作性的定量研究。分析表明,环县城乡发展整体呈协调趋势,城市和农村综合发展水平在稳步提升,但是目前环县城乡差距仍然非常明显。(4)分析环县产业结构演进的总体趋势,并应用关联性分析,从城乡协调的视角对环县城乡产业关联发展进行评价。结果表明尽管环县产业结构演进趋势符合产业结构历史演进趋势, 但是农业内部结构不合理,产业结构单一,二、三产业与农业关联性较弱,对农业的辐射和带动能力不强。 (5)环县城乡发展不协调主要表现在经济、政治、文化和社会关系等诸多方面。探究其原因主要
3、有:自然环境因素的影响;“马太效应”下要素的单向流动;城乡经济和产业结构特性;我国特殊的城乡发展体制;环境因素引起的封闭性以及落后的观念等。(6)在对环县城乡协调发展进行全面分析、研究的基础上,阐述环县城乡协调发展的途径。最后,在对本文作出结论性总结的同时,对该论题的后续研究进行了展望。 关键词:关键词:城乡协调;城乡差距;协调发展途径;环县 III Abstrct The who1e social system consists of urban system and rural system, both of which have their characteristics and dif
4、ferent function, the former stands for modern industry, the latter for traditional agriculture. The evolution of relation between city and countryside is a developing process of human society, i.e., coordinated relation between rural and rural is not only the foundation of regional sustainable devel
5、opment, but the impetus of social development. In this thesis, we analyze the problems on coordinated development of urban and rural area in Huan county. In the whole, the contact of urban and rural areas is insufficient, the core rule of urban subsystem is unconspicious, the response ability and se
6、lf- development of rural subsystem is feeble, as a result, there are many shortages on the character of urban- rural system. The main content and conclusion are as follows.(1)This paper studies the goal, important theory and practical significance of urban- rural coordination development, and discus
7、s the related research progress. (2)This paper sets forth the concept and meaning and related theory on urban- rural coordination development. (3) The evaluation index system and model of urban- rural coordinated degree were set up, and were also carried on a dynamic evaluation, which were the opera
8、ble quantitative research the urban- rural coordinated development. The results indicated that the overall trend in Huan county was the coordinated development, urban and rural integrated development index keep gradually improving, but now the discrepancies between urban and rural in Huan is very ob
9、vious. (4) Analysis of the evolution of the trend of the industrial structure, then, the urban- rural industrial interactional development was evaluated according to a new view of the urban- rural coordination by urban- rural correlative analysis. The results indicated that the internal structure of
10、 agriculture are unreasonable, the urban- rural industrial correlation development in Huan county was weak, the ability of secondary industry and tertiary industry to promote the agricultural development is not strong. The developmental idea and path of industry- agriculture interaction were put for
11、ward. (5) there are so many discrepancies between urban and rural areas,mainly in the economic, political, cultural and other aspects. We can attribute that to the following reasons, the influences of environment of Huan county, traits of what elements are inclined to IV benefit and use efficieney o
12、n elements between urban and rural areas; Economic and industrial properties in urban and rural areas; our country special policy systems; ideas factors also restrict to the relationship and harden disharmony development level between urban and rural areas. (6) In the light of that, we can put forwa
13、rd some suggestion and advice on coordinated development between urban and rural area. As the conclusion part of the paper, provides an overview of the principal research conclusions, future tasks and orientation. Key words: coordinated development of urban- rural areas; the discrepancies between ur
14、ban and rural areas; ways of coordinated development; Huan County I 独创性声明 本人声明所呈交的论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。尽我所知,除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外,论文中不包括其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果,也不包含为获得西北师范大学或其他教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。 与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。 签名: 日期: 关于论文使用授权的说明 本人完全了解西北师范大学有关保留、 使用学位论文的规定, 即:学校有权保留送交论文的复印件,允许
15、论文被查阅和借阅;学校可以公布论文的全部或部分内容,可以采用影印、缩印或其他复制手段保存论文。 (保密的论文在解密后应遵守此规定) 签名: 导师签名: 日期: 环县城乡协调发展研究环县城乡协调发展研究 11 前言前言 1.1 概念诠释 1.1.1 区域、城市与乡村 区域是一个具有相对意义的概念,一个国家相对于全球可理解为一个区域,一个省或一个流域相对于一个国家也可称为一个区域。 区域应当是具有相同或相似的自然条件,相同文化、历史背景,相似的经济发展水平,并且人们遵守同等法令、规章的一个自然单元或行政区划,区域与区域相互关系体现着国家乃至整个世界发展状况。区域是一个多侧面、多层次而且相对性极强的
16、概念,人们可以从多个角度来观察和分析各种不同的区域。 可持续发展把区域作为一个整体的地理范畴, 它所追求的是区域的整体利益, 这种整体利益表现为全人类的共同发展,表现为地球经济系统、社会系统和生态系统的总体协调,表现为人类生产方式与生活方式与地球承载力之间的平衡。一个整体性的区域,一般在功能上分为城市和乡村两大空间组织系统。城市与乡村作为一种非均质的地域经济空间,它们是人类赖以生存、活动和发展的地域实体。 城市与乡村是社会分工和商品经济发展的产物, 是人类历史一定发展阶段的产物。城市和农村都是适合经济社会、自然、文化等丰富内容的综合体。关于城乡的内涵可以从历史、生态、经济、政治和军事等不同角度加以描述,世界各国学术界曾从不同角度下过定义。 1987年国际统计学会从统计学角度以人口集中程度为标识,定义为:居民人口超过2000人以上的居民点为城市地区,其余广大地区为农村。商务印书馆1993年出版的辞源对“城市”一词的解释是:人口密集、工商业发达的地方。“乡村”是:主要从事农业