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1、第十二章 数字的译法科技英语中大量出现表示数量、倍数增减的词语，而它们的表示 方法又与汉语差别较大，在翻译时须注意两种语言表达方式的异同 ，从而准确地表达原文的意思。 一、表示数量的介词的翻译科技英语中常用有关的介词表示数字的概念，翻译时应予注意。 about大约，左右In water sound travels about five times as faster as air.声音在水中的传播速度大约是在空气中的传播速度的五倍。 above在以上，多于，高于To pull apart a bar of steel one inch square requires a force above
2、 60,000 pounds.拉断一平方英寸截面的钢需要60000磅以上的力。 below少于，不到，低于The efficiency of the best of engines is below 40 percent.最好的发动机，其效率也不到40%。 between 之间The energy of the fuel utilized by the reciprocating steam engine is between 15 to 20 percent.往复式蒸汽机所利用的燃料能量为15%到20%之间。By 表示数量的净增减值1) The machine tool produced t
3、his month must be checked by 100 percent.本月生产的机床必须百分之百地进行检验。2) The abrasive hardness of this material was increased by thrice.这种材料的耐磨硬度提高了三倍。From (常与to连用)，从到The energy converted into useful work by the best steam locomotive is from 12 to 13 percent.最好的蒸汽机大约能把1213%能量转换成有用的功。Over 多于，超过，在上Over 60 tons
4、of steel will be required to develop the new product.研制这种新产品需要60多吨钢材。toward 大约，差不多There are towards 14 elements which most things in our world are made up of.世界上的大多数东西，大约是由14种元素组成的。 Under 小于，不到，低于The molten metal running out at the base of the blast furnace contains carbon under 5%.从高炉底部流出的液态金属的含碳量不
5、到5%。Within 在以内，不出于In the first instance, the deviation is within 0.01mm.在第一种情况下，偏差不超过0.01mm.二、几种叙述数字或倍数句型的译法1be+形容词+as+数词+结构的译法；动词+as+副词+ 数词+ 这类句型只叙述数字，并不表示增减。as large as + 数词 +可译成：大到(至)as long as + 数词 +可译成：长达as high as + 数词 +可译成：高达as low as + 数词 +可译成：低到(至)as many as + 数词 + 可译成：多达as heavy as + 数词 +
6、可译成：重达1) The Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge is as long as 6,700 meters. 南京长江大桥长达6,700米。2) The temperature at the suns center is as high as 10,000,000. 太阳中心的温度高达摄氏一千万度。3) At night the temperature on the moon may be as low as 160 . 夜间，月球上的温度可低至零下1604) Some layers between the third and last layers of an
7、atom contain as many as 32 electrons.原子内第三层和最外层之间的一些电子层，含有多达32个电子。5) The outer portion of the wheel may travel as fast as 600 miles per hour.轮子外缘的运动速度可能高达每小时六百英里。6) This artificial satellite weight as heavy as 2,000 kilograms. 这颗地球卫星重达2千公斤。2A as many (much) again as BA again as many (much)as B 的译法句中
8、many(much)是表示增加一类的形容词或副词，这种句型 表示净增加“一倍”，可译成A是B的两倍，也可译成A比B多一倍 。The driving gear turns as fast again as the driven gear.主动齿轮转速为从动齿轮的两倍。The laboratory under construction will be as large again as this one.兴建中的实验室的面积是这个实验室的两倍。1) A is as long again as BA的长度是B的两倍(A比B长一倍) 2) Wheel A turns as fast again as
9、wheel B.A轮的转速是B轮的两倍。(A轮转得比B轮快一倍)3) This year we have produced as many TV sets againas compared with last year.今年我厂生产的电视机是去年的两倍。（或今年我厂生产 的电视机比去年多一倍）4) The peak power is again as great as the carrier power.峰值功率是载波功率的两倍。(或峰值功率比载波功率大一 倍) 3A half as much (many, large)again as B A half again as (many) as
10、B 的译法句中much (many) 是表示增加一类的形容词或副词，这种句型表 示净增加“一半”，可译成：A是B的一倍半，或A比B多一半。1) This machine turns half as fast again as that one.这台机器的转速是那台机器的一倍半。(或：这台机器转动得比那台机器快一半。)2) The shaft is half again as long as that one.这根轴的长度是那根的一倍半。(这根轴比那根长一半)。3) The resistance of aluminium is approximately half againas great a
11、s that of copper for the same dimensions.尺寸相同时，铝的电阻约为铜的一倍半。三、倍数的比较1“A is times as large (great, long, heavy) as B”的译 法。这种结构表示几倍于某一事物的某种数量为另一事物的几倍， 表示净增加(n1)倍。可译成：A的大小(长度，重量)是B的N倍；A的大小(长度，重 量)为B的N倍；A的大小(长度，重量)N倍于B；其倍数照译不减 。或译成A与B比较相差的倍数，则将其倍数减一，译成：A比B 大(长，重)(N1)倍。1) On the earth everything is six tim
12、es as heavy as onthe moon.地球上每件东西的重量为月球的6倍。2) If the trees shadow is three times as long as thetree, then, at that time, anything else standing straight up and down at the same place will havea shadow three times as long as itself.如果树的影子是树长的3倍，那么在同时同地的任何其它 直 立物体的影子也一定是它本身的3倍。3) The sun is 330,000 ti
13、mes as large as the earth.太阳的大小是地球的三十三万倍。 2A is N times larger (longer, heavier)than BA is larger (longer, heavier)than B by N times 的译法这两种结构中的N表示净增数。1) This pipe is five times longer than that one.这根管子比那根管子长五倍。2) Iron is almost three times heavier than aluminium.铁几乎比铝重三倍。应注意，在现代科技英语中，也可以用“N times +
14、 比较级 + than”的结构，译成“是的N倍”、“为的N倍”、“N倍于 ”、或“比(N-1)倍”。有些语法家认为这种用法不对，因 为从语法上讲，它应该比“N times + as”结构多一倍，尽管这种 用法在语法及逻辑上不合理，但现已广泛使用。如：1) The volume of the earth is 49 times larger than thatof the moon.地球的体积是月球的49倍。2) The oxygen atom is 16 times heavier than the hydrogen atom, so that if the atomic weight ofh
15、ydrogen =1, then the atomic weight of oxgen=16. 氧原子的重量是氢原子的16倍，所以如果氢的原子量是1， 则氧的原子量是16。 3“A is N times B (that) ”的译法。这一结构所表示的意思与上述结构是一样的，一般可译成 ：A是B的N倍；A为B的N倍等。1) The volume of the sun is 330,000 times that of theearth.太阳的体积为地球的330,000倍。2) In 1993 the export value of machine tools was 10times that of
16、19901993年机床的出口额为1990年的10倍。3) In this works the output of July was 4 times that of January.这个工厂7月份的产量是元月份的4倍。四、倍数的增加(一) 英语表示增加几倍的表示方法常有两种，即用表示倍数 意义的动词 或 表示增加意义的动词+倍数。1“表示倍数意义的动词+宾语”的译法科技英语中，常见的（动作词用的倍数词）有下列一些：double 可译成“增加到两倍、增加了一倍、翻一番”treble 可译成 “增加三倍、增加了二倍”quadruple可译成“增加四倍、增加了三倍、翻二番”1) Whenever we do
