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1、定语从句概念：担任定语功能的句子称为定语从句。构成：定语从句是由先行词、关系词两个主要部 分构成的。被定语从句修饰的词被称为先行词 ，引导定语从句的词被称为关系词，关系词根 据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关 系副词。常用的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as常用的关系副词：where, when, why一 关系代词的用法1 who/whom二者都用于指人who可作主语、宾语whom只可作宾语In this earthquake, the number of people who lost homes reached as many as 25
2、0,000.I have many friends who/whom I am going to send postcards.2 whose 既可指人，也可指物。 作定语。You are the only one whose advice he might listen to.Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea.我想要一个窗朝大海的房间。3 which 指物。 在句中作主语、宾语。Did you see the mail which came yesterday?New Years Eve is a time which I
3、am looking forward to.She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.4 that 既可指人，也可指物。作主语、宾语。All that is needed is a supply of oil.The person that they were looking for was last seen in Fuzhou Road.注意：关系代词的省略(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语I have been to the city (which/that) you visited last ye
4、ar.After a score of years, Johnson is not the naughty boy (who/that)he used to be.(2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语二、关系副词的用法1 where 在定语从句中作地点状语，代指地点 。常可由介词+which取代，如in which, on which, at which, etc.Potato can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice.(in which)2 when 在定语从句中作时间状语，代指时间。常可由介词+which取代，如on wh
5、ich, in which,during which, etc.I shall never forget the days when we worked on the farm.(on which)3 why 在定语从句中作地点状语,可用for which 代替。I have come around to explain the reasons why I was absent from the meeting.(for which)Have a try指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份： 1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. ( )
6、2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. ( ) 3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom. ( ) 4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday. ( ) 主语 宾语定语宾语Have a try5. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone whose family was poor. ( ) 6. I like the person to whom you just talked.( ) 7. We shall never fo
7、rget the days (that) we spent together. ( ) 8. We shall never forget the days when we lived together.( )定语介宾宾语状语考点一：that和which(一）以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。 1. 先行词为不定代词all, much, little, few, something, anything, everything, none,nothing e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen.All th
8、at is needed is a supply of oil. 2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用 that。 e.g. This is the best book (that) Ive ever read.3. 先行词被the only，the very，the last 修饰时， 用that。 e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now. 4. 先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。 e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we saw then. 5. 定语从句内
9、容为解释名词的性质、概念时， 需用that。 e.g. A plane is a machine that can fly. 6. 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。 e.g. Who is the person that is standing at the gate?（二）以下情况，只能用which而不用that1 引导非限制性定语从句Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.2 在定语从句中做介词的宾语，且位于关系代词 前时。Im looking for a contai
10、ner in which I can put all these peaches.Im looking for a container _ I can put all these peaches in.which/that考点二：that和whowho，that在很多情况下可以通用，但是有些情况只能用who:1. 先行词是one, ones, anyone的时候宜用who.One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.The ones who flatter me dont please me.Dont tell
11、 anyone about the news who oughtnt to know it.2. 先行词为those的时候，宜用who为关系代词Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth.Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. 3. 当先行词有比较长的后置定语的时候I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could asked
12、me questionsin Chinese.4. 一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词为that,另一个则用who.The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.5. 在there be 开头的句子中There is an old man who wants to see you.There are many young men who are against him.考点二：连接词which的用法Which引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词,也 可是整个主句或主句的
13、某一部分。 e.g. 1. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that2. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. it BB 考点三：介词+关系代词e.g. 1. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for h
14、elp.A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom2. He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.A. these B. those C. that D. which 3. I shall never forget the days on which we worked on the farm.DD关系代词前介词的确定1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会： e.g. Is that the newspaper
15、 for which you often write articles? (write for the newspaper) 2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如： e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im not sure.( be sure about sth.) 3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会： e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded. ( in the year 1949)4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行 词的一部
