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1、第9讲 特殊句式(I)Lectured by Peng Fasheng pengfs126 ?无主句 ?“得”字句?“得”字句无主句一、运用英语的被动结构 某些表示事物存在、出现的无主句， 可以译成被某些表示事物存在、出现的无主句， 可以译成被 动句 (1)封面上印着一个猎人的像。(1)封面上印着一个猎人的像。 The figure of a hunter was printed on the cover (of the bk)book). (2) 这儿将修建更多的居民大楼。 More apartment houses will be built here.某些表示要求、规定的无主句，也往往可
2、以译成被某些表示要求、规定的无主句，也往往可以译成被 动句。(1)本剧场内禁止吸烟。( )本剧场内禁止吸烟。 Smoking is not allowed in this theatre. (2) 发现了错误， 一定要改正。(2) 发现了错误， 一定要改正。 Wrongs must be righted when they are discovered. (3) 必须保证八小时睡眠。 Eight hours sleep must be guaranteed.gpg二、采用 “There + be” ， “It +be +to ” 等结构 汉语中的某些格言、经验，或带有哲理的元主句，汉语中的某些
3、格言、经验，或带有哲理的元主句， 翻译时一般都采用这类结构。(1) 没有顺利， 无所谓困难; 没有困难， 也无所谓顺( ) 没有顺利， 无所谓困难; 没有困难， 也无所谓顺 利。 Without facility there would be no difficulty; withoutWithout facility, there would be no difficulty; without difficulty, there would also be no facility.(2) 活到老， 学到老。 One is never too old to learnOne is never
4、too old to learn. (3) 你忘记一句古话了吗：活到老， 学到老。何况 你并不老。你并不老。 Youre forgetting the old saying: one is never too old lldllto learn. In any case, youre not old at all.三、采用倒装语序(1)在游廊的最左端，靠近一道门，却坐有一位将(1)在游廊的最左端，靠近一道门，却坐有一位将 近三十岁的男子。(茅盾子夜) Close b a door at the e treme left of the eranda sat aClose by a door at
5、 the extreme left of the veranda sat a man of about thirty.(2) 描金的福建漆盘子里还放着当天的报。 On the gilded Fujian lacquer tray also lay the morningOn the gilded Fujian lacquer tray also lay the morning newspaper. (3)地下埋藏着大量的金、银、铜、铅和锌。(3)地下埋藏着大量的金、银、铜、铅和锌。 Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, ldd icop
6、per, lead and zinc.从警察背后突然跳出一个黑麻子来，怒声喝打。( 茅盾林家铺子)茅盾林家铺子) A swarthy pock-marked man jumped out from behind the policemen and howled for them to attackthe policemen and howled for them to attack.四、采用祈使句式(1)请勿吸烟 No SmokingNo Smoking. (2) 此处禁止停车 No Parking. (3) 请讲慢一点。 Speak a little slower, please. (4)
7、到什么山上唱什么歌。(4) 到什么山上唱什么歌。 Sing different songs on different mountains.五、选用适当的名词或代词补出主语(1)弄得不好，就会前功尽弃。 If things are not properly handled , our labour will be totally lost.y 不经一事，不长一智。 Yo cant gain kno ledgeitho t practiceYou cant gain knowledge without practice. Wisdom comes from experience.没有调查就没有发言
8、权 这句话，虽然曾经被人讥(1) “没有调查就没有发言权”这句话，虽然曾经被人讥 为“狭隘经验论”的，我却至今不悔。 Although my assertion , “No investigation, no right to speak“ , has been ridiculed as “narrow empiricism“ , to pp this day I do not regret having made it ; (2) 没有调查研究就没有发言权， 我们取消了他( 陈独(2) 没有调查研究就没有发言权， 我们取消了他( 陈独 秀)的发言权。 He who makes no inve
9、stigation and study has no right toHe who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak, and accordingly we deprived Chen Duxiu of that rightthat right.“得”字句“得”字句指的是由结构助词“得”附着在动词 或形容词后面构成的句子。或形容词后面构成的句子。 1表示“可以”或“可能”的“得”字句表示可 以或可能的“得”字句在英译时有以下几种情以或可能的“得”字句在英译时有以下几种情 况。(l)用英语中的情态动词“cancould”
10、或短语“to be able to”和“to be capable of”表示。be able to 和“to be capable of 表示。 他把事情看得很清楚。 He can see it all clearlHe can see it all clearly. 我说得没有她这么流利。 I am not able to speak so fluently as she does. 那个恶棍什么坏事都干得出来。那个恶棍什么坏事都干得出来。 That scoundrel is capable of anything.(2)用英语中带后缀“-able”、“-ible”的形容词表 示。示。 你
11、的计划听起来行得通。 Yo r plan so nds q ite feasibleYour plan sounds quite feasible. 有关核物理学的书城里买得到。 Books on nuclear physics are available in the town. 他见说得有理，就没有反对了。他见说得有理，就没有反对了。 Since the statement was quite reasonable, he made no objectionobjection.2表示程度或结果的“得”字句表示程度或结果的“得”字句在英译时遇到的情况比 较复杂，可借助于英语的短语或句型来表达
12、。有较复杂，可借助于英语的短语或句型来表达。有 下面一些常见的情形。 (1)用英语的“sothat”、“soas to”、“such. that.”、“asas”表示。这张桌子做得易于拆卸。这张桌子做得易于拆卸。 The table is so made that you can easily pull it apart.他的笑话讲得那样出色，你禁不住要笑。 He is such a marvelous joker that you cant helpHe is such a marvelous joker that you cant help laughing.这个项目使我们忙得今年都无法安
13、排一次度假了。 The big project engages us so much so that we cant manage to take a holiday this year.(2)用英语的“too. tofor.”、“enough. to for.表示。for. 表示。他乐得接受那个提议。他乐得接受那个提议。 He is ready enough to embrace the offer. 食物多得够大家吃几个星期了。 There is enough food for everybody to last several gyy weeks.他眼睛盯着地板，紧张得答不上来。 Too
14、 nervous for a reply he stared at the floorToo nervous for a reply, he stared at the floor.南希虽然很想参加辩论，但腼腆得不敢开口。南希虽然很想参加辩论，但腼腆得不敢开口。 While she felt like joining in the argument, Nancy was too shy to open her mouth.(3)用“tilluntil从句”表示。他跑得气喘吁吁才停下。 He ran until he was breathlessHe ran until he was breat
15、hless. 她往杯子里倒牛奶倒得太多，牛奶都溢出来了。 She poured too much milk in the glass until it welled over the lip. 他把我惹得要发疯了，自己却装出若无其事的样子。 He provoked me till I felt quite frantic yet he himselfHe provoked me till I felt quite frantic, yet he himself pretended to be indifferent and aloof.(4)用“连系动词形容词”结构。冬夜变得越来越长。 Win
16、ter nights grew longer and longer.科学家们已经做了无数实验，表明在改进入的行科学家们已经做了无数实验，表明在改进入的行 为方面，表扬比批评有效得多。 Scientists have done countless experiments to showScientists have done countless experiments to show that praise is far more effective than criticism in improving human behavior.improving human behavior.(5)用“动词十副词”结构。机器运转的速度快得惊人。 The machine moves amazingly fastThe machine moves amazingly fast. 我们不是干得太多，而是干得太少。 Its not
