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1、 Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. 1 中医是中国辉煌的传统文化之一，它是一门涉及人体生理（physiology）、病理（pathology）、诊断、治疗和疾病预防的科学。中医有着几千年的历史，它的起源可追溯至远古时代。在长期与疾病的斗争中，中医演变并形成了一套独
2、特且完整的理论体系。2,000多年前出现的黄帝内经（Huangdis Classic on Medicine）是中国现存的最早医学名著。秦汉时期的神农本草（Shen Nongs Herbal）是中国最早的药物学专著。明朝著名的内科医生及药师李时珍撰写了本草纲目（The Compendium of Materia Medica）。这些著作对中国乃至全世界医药学的发展作出了巨大的贡献。 Traditional Chinese medicine, one of Chinas splendid cultural heritages, is the science dealing with human
3、physiology, pathology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine has a history of several thousand years. Its origin can be traced back to remote antiquity. In a long course of struggling against diseases, traditional Chinese medicine evolved into a unique and int
4、egrated theoretical system. More than 2,000 years ago, Huangdis Classic on Medicine, which is the earliest extant medical classic in China came out. Shen Nongs Herbal during the Qin and the Han dynasties is the earliest book on pharmacology in China. Li Shizhen, a famous physician and pharmacologist
5、 in the Ming dynasty, wrote The Compendium of Materia Medica.These books are great contributions to the development of pharmacology both in China and all over the world. 2 中国的“面子The concept of “face” can be described as someones social status or reputation in the eyes of others. Throughout a Chinese
6、 persons life, it must be maintained and enhanced by both words and actions. Guanxi literally means （face）”是指某个人在他人眼中的社会地位和名声。中国人的一生都必须用语言和行动相互维护和提升面子。中国的“关系（Guanxi）”，本质上就是个人利益的联系。互相帮忙，互相恩惠，和西方社会的人际网络类似。 家人、 朋友和商业伙伴的关系经常紧密交织。 中国的中庸之道 （the Doctrine of the Mean）是指个人保持跟群体的一致与和谐。中国人最理想的生活状态就是既中庸又能实现个人目标
7、。工作中也是如此，员工要做到既不野心勃勃，又不懒惰懈怠。 “connections” or “relationship” for personal interests. “You scratch my back, Ill scratch yours”. It can be compared with the idea of networking in the West. Relationships between family, friends and business associates are often closely interwoven. Known as the Doctrine
8、 of the Mean, this concept involves balancing ones position among a group to maintain conformity and a sense of harmony. To do this while still achieving ones personal objectives is considered by the Chinese people the ideal way of living. This can be applied to the workplace, where one should behav
9、e in a way which is seen to be neither ambitious nor lazy at the same time. 3 中国画 （traditional Chinese painting） 是用毛笔、 墨及颜料 （pigment） ，在宣纸 （Xuan paper） 或 绢（silk）上画出的画。中国画与中医、京剧一起，被誉为中国的“三大国粹（three quintessence of Chinese culture）”。中国画按内容主要分为人物画、山水画、花鸟画三大类。战国时，中国已经有了比较成熟的人物画，唐朝时达到了顶峰。山水画是表现山川美景的画种。花鸟
10、画画的是自然界中的花卉、鸟兽、鱼虫。中国画是诗、书（calligraphy）、画、印（seal carving）相结合的艺术。因此，它不仅能美化人们的生活，而且能给人们带来高雅的情趣和艺术的享受。 Traditional Chinese painting is the art of painting on a piece of Xuan paper or silk with a Chinese brush that was soaked with black ink or coloured pigments. It is regarded as one of the “three quinte
11、ssence of Chinese culture”, the other two being traditional Chinese medicine and Peking Opera. By subject, traditional Chinese painting can be classified into three types: figure painting, landscape painting, and flowers and birds painting. Figure painting came into maturity as early as the Warring
12、States Period and reached its peak during the Tang Dynasty. Landscape painting delineates the outside scenery. Flowers and birds painting concentrates on the drawing of flowers, birds, animals, fishes and insects, etc. Traditional Chinese painting is an art form combining poetry, calligraphy, painti
13、ng and seal carving. Thus, traditional Chinese painting not only beautifies peoples life but also brings decorous sentiment and artistic enjoyment for people. 4 风水（Fengshui）是中国建筑中的一个特殊的传统，是古人对空间的布置与安排方法，其目的是为了体现建筑与环境的和谐共存。风水的字面意思就是“风和水”。风水通常将选址、设计、建筑直到内部和外部装修的整个过程联系在一起。它将天、地、人三者融为一体，并且在所选的地址、方位、自然法则
14、和人之间寻求和谐。它反对人对自然的破坏，强调人与环境的共处，这种状态被称为是完美的、神秘的。 Fengshui, a special Chinese tradition in architecture, is the ancient Chinese practice of placement and arrangement of space to achieve coexistence in harmony with the environment. Fengshui is literally translated as “wind and water”. It usually links t
15、he whole process from site selection, designing, construction to interior and exterior decoration. It combines the trinity of the Heaven, the Earth and humans, and seeks harmony among selected site, orientation, natural doctrine and humans. It repulses human destruction of nature and stresses cohabi
16、tation with the environment, which is regarded as perfect and mysterious. 5 秦始皇是中国历史上一位很有作为的皇帝，他生前动用了大量人力、物力为自己修造陵墓。秦陵兵马俑（Terracotta Warriors and Horses）就是为陪葬这位皇帝而制作的陶兵和陶马。秦始皇陵兵马俑被发现于1974年。三个兵马俑坑（terracotta figurines pits）占地约20,000多平方米，8,000多个与真人真马一般大小的陶俑陶马，排列成整齐的方阵，再现了秦始皇统一中国时兵强马壮的雄伟军阵。秦始皇陵兵马俑被称作世界第八大奇迹。 The first emperor of the Qin Dynasty, known as Qing Shi Huang, made great achievements in Chinese history. While still alive, he mobilized huge manp
