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1、2035204020452050Technology RoadmapLow-Carbon Technology for the Indian Cement Industry Table of contentsForeword 1Acknowledgements 2Key findings 3 Key actions in the next ten years 4Introduction 5 Objective of the roadmap 5Roadmap approach and scope 5Overview of cement manufacturing 8Indian cement m
2、anufacturing at a glance 10Efforts towards low-carbon cement production in India 11Vision for deployment to 2050 13Carbon emissions reduction levers 17 Technology: co-processing of alternative fuels and raw materials (AFRs) 17Technology: thermal and electrical energy efficiency 20Technology: clinker
3、 substitution 23Technology: waste heat recovery 26Technology: newer technologies 27Reduction potential from captive power generation 30What policy support is needed? 32 Encourage and facilitate increased alternative fuel use 32Promote the adoption of best available technologies for new and retrofit
4、kilns 33Encourage and facilitate increased clinker substitution 34Facilitate the development of CCS and biofuels production and use by the cement industry 34Encourage policies for predictable, objective and stable CO2 constraints and energy frameworks on an international level 35Enhance research and
5、 development capabilities, skills, expertise and innovation 36Encourage international collaboration and public-private partnerships 36Investment needs, financial support and recommendations 38Roadmap action plan 40Annex A: Glossary 43Annex B: Abbreviations, acronyms and units of measurement 44Annex
6、C: References 46Annex D: Model methodology and assumptions 47Annex E: Definition of reference, best available technology and target average performance 50Annex F: Process of roadmap development 51Roadmap partners 52Technology Roadmap Low-Carbon Technology for the Indian Cement Industry 1ForewordCurr
7、ent trends in energy supply and use are unsustainable economically, environmentally and socially. Without decisive action, energy-related emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) will more than double by 2050 and increased fuel demand will heighten concerns over the security of supplies. We can and must ch
8、ange our current path, but this will take an energy revolution and low-carbon energy technologies will have a crucial role to play. We must also ensure that investment decisions taken in the near term do not saddle us with sub-optimal technologies in the long term. Every major country and sector of
9、the economy must be involved.Awareness is growing of the urgent need to turn political statements and analytical work into concrete action. To spark this movement, the International Energy Agency (IEA) is leading the development of a series of roadmaps for key industries and some of the most importa
10、nt technologies. By identifying the steps needed to implement radical technology changes, these roadmaps will enable governments, industries and financial partners to make the right choices. This will in turn help countries and societies make the right decisions.Since 2002, cement-producing companie
11、s in the Cement Sustainability Initiative (CSI), a project of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), have collectively made significant progress on measuring, reporting and mitigating their CO2 emissions, and sharing their progress with the rest of the cement industry. In 20
12、09, recognising the urgency of identifying technology to reduce the energy use and CO2 intensity of cement production, CSI member companies around the world (representing about 30% of global cement production) worked with the IEA to develop the first industry roadmap. That roadmap outlines emissions
13、 reduction potential from all technologies that can be implemented in the cement industry.ForewordBuilding on the success of the global roadmap, IEA and CSI, in collaboration with the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and the National Council for Cement and Building Materials (NCB), joined toge
14、ther to develop a roadmap specifically for the Indian cement industry. This initiative was supported and part-funded by the International Finance Corporation (IFC).In 2010, the Indian cement industrys share of the countrys total energy and process CO2 emissions was around 7%. Taking into account the
15、 specificities of the Indian context, markets and opportunities, this roadmap outlines a possible transition path for the Indian cement industry to support the global goal of halving CO2 emissions by 2050. The roadmap estimates that the Indian cement industry would reduce its direct CO2 emissions in
16、tensity to 0.35 tonnes (t) of CO2/t cement in 2050, about 45% lower than current levels, a saving of between 212 million tonnes of CO2 (MtCO2) and 367 MtCO2 compared to a business-as-usual scenario. This is nearly as much as the 2009 total energy-related emissions of Thailand (228 MtCO2) or Indonesia (376 MtCO2). Despite this improvement in CO2 intensity, the total emissions, however, would rise from the current 137 MtCO2 to bet
