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1、智 课 网 托 福 备 考 资 料老托福阅读真题PASSAGE 22-智课教育旗下智课教育本文和大家分享的是老托福阅读真题PASSAGE 22，练习真题是最 重要也最有效的复习方法，大家在复习托福阅读考试的时候一定要对真 题重视起来。 托福阅读 的思维方式就是托福阅读的出题方式，只有掌握了这种思 维方式，才有可能在做题之前，预测到新托福阅读题的出题形式和特点 ，为找答案节省时间。老托福阅读试题的核心价值，在于其最贴近真题 的阅读思维方式。此外老托福阅读真题比新托福IBT阅读文章要短，比 较容易适应。这也是大家在备考托福的时候非常重要的一点。因为前期 的入手如果能从容易的开始，就会形成一个循序渐
2、进的过程方式，让大 家的练习有一个提高的过程。 既然老托福阅读试题有这样的效果，那我们如何利用那有限的真题 来达到锻炼自己的目的呢？事实上这就一个办法，就是坚持。本期为大 家推荐老托福阅读的真题PASSAGE 22，附有原文及答案，希望对托福考生备考有所帮助 。Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and
3、believed cities to be centers of corruption, crime, poverty, and moral degradation. Their distrust was caused, in part, by a national ideology that proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to urban living. This attitude prevailed even as the number of urban dwellers incre
4、ased and cities became an essential feature of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands abandoned the precarious life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people migrated from the countryside, they carried their fears
5、and suspicious with them. These new urbanities, already convinced that cities were overwhelmed with great problems, eagerly embraced the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the chaos of the city.One of many reforms came in the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage systems
6、were usually operated by municipal governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would charge exorbitant rates for these essential services and deliver them only to people who could afford them. Some city and state go
7、vernments responded by regulating the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves. Proponents of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would insure widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a fair price. While some reforms focused
8、on government and public behavior, others looked at the cities as a whole. Civic leaders, convinced that physical environment influenced human behavior, argued that cities should develop master plans to guide their future growth and development. City planning was nothing new, but the rapid industria
9、lization and urban growth of the late nineteenth century took place without any consideration for order. Urban renewal in the twentieth century followed several courses. Some cities introduced plans to completely rebuild the city core. Most other cities contented themselves with zoning plans for reg
10、ulating future growth. Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or commercial development. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) A comparison of urban and rural life in the early twentieth century (B) The role of government in twenti
11、eth century urban renewal (C) Efforts to improve urban life in the early twentieth century(D) Methods of controlling urban growth in the twentieth century 2. The word “bias“ in line 2 is closest in meaning to (A) diagonal (B) slope (C) distortion (D) prejudice 3. The first paragraph suggests that mo
12、st people who lived in rural areas (A) were suspicious of their neighbors (B) were very proud of their lifestyle (C) believed city government had too much power (D) wanted to move to the cities 4. In the early twentieth century, many rural dwellers migrated to the city in order to (A) participate in
13、 the urban reform movement (B) seek financial security (C) comply with a government ordinance (D) avoid crime and corruption 5. The word “embraced“ in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) suggested (B) overestimated (C) demanded (D) welcomed 6. What concern did reformers have about privately owned ut
14、ility companies? (A) They feared the services would not be made available to all city dwellers. (B) They believed private ownership would slow economic growth (C) They did not trust the companies to obey the government regulations.(D) They wanted to ensure that the services would be provided to rura
15、l areas. 7. The word “exorbitant“ in line 16 is closest in meaning to (A) additional (B) expensive (C) various (D) modified 8. All of the following were the direct result of public utility reforms EXCEPT (A) local governments determined the rates charged by private utility companies (B) some utility
16、 companies were owned and operated by local governments (C) the availability of services was regulated by local government (D) private utility companies were required to pay a fee to local governments 9. The word “Proponents“ in line 18 is closest in meaning to (A) Experts (B) Pioneers(C) Reviewers (D) Supporters 10. Why does the author mention “industrialization“ (line 24)? (A) To explain how fast urban growth led to poorly designed cities (B) To emphasize the economic importance of urban areas
