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1、An Existential Analysis of Catch-22ContentsAcknowledgements. iAbstract(English). iiAbstract(Chinese). iii1. Introduction.11.1 Catch-22. 11.2 Writing Background .12. The Existentialism.22.1 “I think, so I am” and “existence before essence” .22.2 The initiative of the soldiers.33. Free Choice .43.1 Or
2、r.53.2 Yossarian .64. The Absurdity of the World.74.1 The Absolute power of the Bureaucracy.74.2 The Moral Insanity.84.3 The Inevitability of Death.95. Conclusion .10Work Cited.12AbstractThis paper is going to talk about the existentialism in Joseph Hellers masterpiece Catch-22. As regards to the in
3、fluence of existentialism on literature, Jean Paul Sartres theories are the one of the great significance, which is the main concern in this thesis.Joseph Heller (1923-1999) is one of the most representative writers of Black Humor, which forecasts the dominating of American post-modernism literature
4、. The heart of Black Humor is the description of the absurdity of the world, which is also a doctrine of existentialism. So it is said that existentialism is one of the origins of Black Humor.In Catch-22, there are bounds of freedom and the struggles to get off from them, which is a main theme of th
5、e book. And as regard to Sartres existentialism, the central thought is the freedom to choose what one wants to be or to do, which agrees with the theme of Catch-22 above I have mentioned. So in this paper I just choose Sartres existentialist thoughts to analyze it, despite other existentialists. Ex
6、istentialism is a different point of view to look at the traditional war-novel, from which I think a deeper and more theoretical criticism of the war as well as that of the world can be obtained.For the value of this paper, first of all, it will prove Catch-22 an existential novel. Both centered on
7、the theme of freedom, this novel and existentialism share the same basis, so its natural to connect them together. Also, there is chapter four on absurdity to illustrate this point. Thirdly, I want to stress the subjectivity and advantages of existentialism. Although many people think it as superfic
8、ial and spiritual, it stresses on humanism, paying attention to initiative and subjectivity, which are still hot centers of discussion till now.Key words: Catch-22; Existentialism; Free choice; Absurdity内内容容摘摘要要约瑟夫海勒的代表作二十二条军规中渗透着存在主义的思想,这也是本论文讨论的主旨所在。在存在主义理论，特别是其对文学有影响的存在主义理论中，萨特的理论是有着重要的地位。虽然他的理论观
9、点看法总是在不断地改进中，自由问题始终是他所重点关注的问题。萨特的哲学被称为“自由哲学”的原因，就是因为他对人类自由问题的关注和阐释。根据萨特的重要理论“存在先于本质”，人必须得先发挥主动性积极为自己思考，然后去做自由的选择，这些也是本论文中要涉及的内容。虽然萨特本体论为彻底完善，但使用它分析小说,可以从宏观上看到海勒对军队，对战争的厌恶,以及对社会的批判。约瑟夫海勒是黑色幽默小说的代表作家之一，而黑色幽默小说预示着美国后现代文学将在美国文坛占有重要的地位。黑色幽默理论的核心是世界的荒诞性，而这也是存在主义所坚持的信条。本论文通过存在主义，特别是萨特的存在主 义理论，尝试着从一个全新的角度去阐
10、释第二十二条军规从存在主义关于自由，世界荒谬性，对人的主动性的强调，我们可以看到，小说中无处不渗透着存在主义的痕迹。在本文里我想强调存在主义的优点之一，注重人的主动性。虽然很多人认为它是迷信的精神的，但是它强调人道主义，注重人的主动性和主体性，而这些现在仍是被讨论的重点。关关键键词词：第二十二条军规；存在主义；自由；荒诞性An Existential Analysis of Catch-22OutlineThesis Statement: This paper is meant to talk about the existentialism in Joseph Hellers masterpiece Catch-22. As regards to the influence of existentialism on literature, Jean Paul Sartres theories are the one of the outstanding significance, which is the
