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1、河南大学硕士学位论文红楼梦的终极关怀意蕴姓名：智源申请学位级别：硕士专业：文艺学指导教师：胡山林2011-06摘要红楼梦蕴含着深厚的精神意蕴，书中包含着古今中外作家所执着追问思考的那些普世性问题，如人为什么而活着（人生意义），人应该怎样活着，人生的根本困境，我是谁，人生无常，世事难料，等等。这些问题都关乎着人的精神生活，具有终极关怀的性质。终极关怀意蕴使红楼梦具有了超越一般文学作品的思想深度、人生深度、哲学深度。这种终极关怀意蕴，是红楼梦思想价值的一个极为重要的方面，是红楼梦达到的精神深度的重要标志。“终极关怀是文学精神价值的最大体现”，所以理所当然应该成为文学研究的对象。然而，已往对文学作品
2、的研究大多注意的是社会层面、现实层面，对其中的终极关怀精神却关注不够，或者说还没有进入研究者的视野。对红楼梦的研究也不例外，虽然成果累累，但是从“终极关怀”角度讨论的却并不多见。这不能不说是红楼梦研究的一个遗憾。有鉴于此，本文从红楼梦（一百二十回）文本出发，在细读文本的基础上，分析探讨红楼梦中所蕴含的终极关怀意蕴。本文从以下几个部分展开论述：前言部分首先介绍了红楼梦在思想艺术等方面的成就，以及在国内外文学领域所产生的影响和传播情况。其次梳理了红楼梦自成书以来，不同时期人们对它研究的发展和流变，分析了不同流派的研究方法及其各自的侧重点与不同点。最后说明了本文的写作目的和切入点，即在终极关怀的视角
3、下来分析研究红楼梦，介绍了对文本中所蕴含的终极关怀精神的研究意义，目的是希望红楼梦思想意蕴的研究有进一步的拓展和深入。第一部分，分析红楼梦对人生意义问题的思考。从虚无意识和反抗虚无两方面来论述：在虚无意识中分析了作者在宇宙终极的视角下对人生意义的理解，论述了作品中透露出的带有消极色彩的人生虚无思想倾向；反抗虚无，是从作品中所包含的对生命价值意义追寻的愿望来论述作品中所存在的很明显的对虚无的反抗意识。第二部分，论述了红楼梦对“自我”的思考与认识，即“我是谁”的问题。董学文，张永刚著：文学原理，北京大学出版社，2001 年版，第 260 页。I首先从甄贾宝玉这一对艺术形象入手，对作品中的甄贾宝玉现
4、象做了梳理。在第二小节中主要从甄贾宝玉这两个人物形象入手，分析其所包含着的“我是谁”这一问题，并分别介绍阐释了人的自我意识、自我认识、“灵”与“肉”、归属感等，从这几个方面论述了作品中对于“我是谁”这一问题的独特追问和理解。第三部分通过“石”与“玉”意象的对立、理想与现实、动机与效果的错位，分析红楼梦中的人本困境：首先从“石”与“玉”这一对立意象入手，论述了在宝玉身上发生的本真与异化；理想与现实一节中，分析介绍人类在现实存在基础上对理想的悬设和向往，以及人类始终存在的理想与现实的矛盾，论述了红楼梦中以宝玉为主的人物所面临的理想困境；最后从人际交往中人与他者之间、人类个体本身等方面来论述动机与效
5、果的错位。第四部分从“有限”和“超越”两方面来论述阐释红楼梦中包含的对有限与无限的思考以及对其的超越意识。宇宙是人类生存的大背景，宇宙无限而个体、人生却有限，这是人类生存的一个最为根本的困境。在无限广袤的宇宙中，无论从时间或空间维度，人都显得极其有限，而这种人的存在有限性与宇宙的无限性便使人想要超越它去追寻生命的意义，寻求精神生活的家园。最后一部分为结语，对红楼梦的终极关怀意蕴作出总体梳理：在人本问题上，红楼梦有着自己的理解和对待这些问题的处理方式。而从不同时期不同文学作品对这些人本问题的思考中，可以了解人类的心灵的发展史，所以对于各个时期的文学作品中的终极关怀精神意蕴的研究是很有必要的。关键
6、词：红楼梦，终极关怀意蕴，人生意义，自我认识，人本困境IIABSTRACTA Dream of Red Mansions with profound and deep spirit meanings contains many philosophical items,which have been the single-minded pursuit of most authors, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign.Why survive? (The meaning of life) Whats the way? Whats the essenti
7、al predicament we must undergo?Who am I? Whats desire, dream, life and death, tribulation etc.? All of these items have been playing akey role in peoples spirit life, which we called as ultimate concern. It is not only the essential part of theideological value of this masterpiece, but also an impor
8、tant sign of the literature depth it achieved, whichgives A Dream of Red Mansions a deeper meaning about thought, life and philosophy.“The ultimate concern can most unlimitedly embody the value of literature spirit.” So it should beunderstandably taken as the object of literature study. However, it
9、is difficult to find the study on theultimate concern, because most studies concern about the social meaning and reality influence of literaturecompositions but ultimate concern. It is also happened in the study on A Dream of Red Mansions.Although with abundant study achievements, there are seldom o
10、n the “ultimate concern” of thismasterpiece, which is an indeed regret. Based on this condition, this essay will analysis and discuss theultimate concern of A Dream of Red Mansions from the 120 chapter.This paper aims to discuss six parts as follow:In preface part, firstly, it illustrates the achiev
11、ements in thought aspect and art aspect of A Dream inRed Mansions. Moreover, it mentions effects and transmission in western literature field. Secondly, itdemonstrates the process of research development in different periods and it analyses the emphasis,differences and main characteristic of various
12、 schools and research methods after A Dream in RedIIIMansions was written. Finally, it explains the purpose and entry point. In other words, it analyses andresearches A Dream in Red Mansions from an ultimate concern angle. It presents the researchfulsignificance of ultimate concern in the article in
13、 order to break through and do further research of A Dreamin Red Mansions research, especially in ultimate concern research.In part one, it analyses life significance issues in A Dream in Red Mansions and it discusses from bothnihilistic sense and anti-nihilistic sense: in the nihilistic sense part,
14、 it explains the understanding of lifesignificance for both A Dream in Red Mansions and author under the universe ultimate angle. Furthermore,it expounds a group of people who have the tendency of nihilistic thought and these thoughts are negativethought. The hope of pursuing life value which is dis
15、cussed in anti-nihilistic sense part is an obviousanti-nihilistic sense.In part two, it discusses self thought and self-consciousness. In other words, this is the question ofwho am I? . In the first part, the phenomenon of Baoyu Zhen and Baoyu Jia are analyzed by author. In thesecond part, author fo
16、cuses on Baoyu Zhen and Baoyu Jia and analyses the issue of who am I? .Furthermore, it demonstrates self awareness, self-consciousness, soul and body, sense of belonging. Fromthese aspects, this article particularly explains the question of who am I? .In part three, author analyses the difficulties for different characters by using different methods, suchas contrasting Shi and Yu, contrasting ideality and reality and differences between mot
