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1、硕士学位论文 M.D. Thesis A Contrastive Study on Existential Sentences in English and Chinese A Cognitive Perspective 英汉存在句的认知语言学对比研究 Wang Lingyan 王玲燕 Contents 独创性声明.i Abstract.ii 摘要.iv List of Abbreviations.vi List of Figures and Tables.vii Chapter One Introduction .1 Chapter Two Literature Review .4 2.1
2、Previous Studies of EES.4 2.1.1 Studies Abroad.4 2.1.2 Studies at Home.7 2.2 Previous Studies of CES.8 2.2.1 The Primary Stage.8 2.2.2 The Developing Stage.9 2.2.3 The Mature Stage.10 2.3 Previous Contrastive Studies of EES and CES.12 2.4 Summary of Literature Review.13 Chapter Three Theoretical Fou
3、ndations .16 3.1 Figure-Ground Relation.15 3.2 Image Schema.16 3.3 Iconicity.17 3.4 Bounding Theory.20 3.5 Conceptualization .21 Chapter Four Methodology and Relevant Definitions.23 4.1 Definitions and Classifications of EES and CES.23 4.1.1 Definitions and Classifications of EES.23 4.1.2 Definition
4、s and Classifications of CES.23 4.2 Research Scope.26 4.3 Research Questions27 4.4 Research Methods.27 Chapter Five An Investigation into the Structure of EES and CES. .24 5.1 The Existential There: Abstract Setting . 29 5.2 A Cognitive Analysis of the Structure of EES.30 5.3 A Cognitive Analysis of
5、 the Structure of CES.38 5.4 The Universalities and Particularities in the Structure of EES and CES.44 5.5 Summary.46 Chapter Six An Investigation into Agreement and Disagreement between the Subject and Predicate of EES and CES.48 6.1 Linguistic Iconicity.49 6.2 The Distinction between Count Nouns a
6、nd Mass Nouns: the Bounded and Unbounded Region.49 6.3 A Cognitive Explanation for Agreement .51 6.4 A Cognitive Explanation for Disagreement .55 6.5 A Comparison between Nouns and Verbs in EES and CES.58 6.6 Summary.61 Chapter Seven An Investigation into the Direction of EES and CES.64 7.1 The Vect
7、or in the Semantic Structures of Verbs.64 7.1.1 The Definition of Vector.64 7.1.2 Manifestations of Vector in Language.65 7.2 EES: Rightward.66 7.3 CES: both Leftward and Rightward.67 7.4 A Cognitive Explanation for the Universalities and Particularities in the Direction of EES and CES.,69 7.5 Summa
8、ry.70 Chapter Eight Conclusions.72 8.1 Major Findings.72 8.2 Limitations.74 References.viii Acknowledgements.xi ii Abstract This thesis conducts a contrastive study on EES and CES from a cognitive perspective by employing Figure-Ground relation, Image Schema, Bounding Theory, Iconicity and Conceptua
9、lization to analyze the features of the structure, agreement and disagreement, as well as directionality of EES and CES. A qualitative and quantitative blended method is adopted in this study. It combines qualitative explanations based on adequate instantiations with quantitative data concerning ES
10、derived from the British National Corpus (BYU-BNC) and Center for Chinese Linguistics PKU (CCL). Besides, the thesis supports the viewpoints with the statistics when necessary. In addition, there also applies some figures, tables and other methods, contrastive verification, for instance. The present research draws the following conclusions: EES and embodies Figure-Ground relation, embodying a Container. EES and its counterpart can not be transformed into each other. The agreement of EES is caused by iconicity, and its exceptions are caused by a shift
