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1、 I贺州客家与瑶族族群关系研究贺州客家与瑶族族群关系研究 研究生：研究生：李叶青 导 师： 导 师：廖杨教授 覃彩銮研究员 专 业：专 业：中国少数民族史 研究方向： 研究方向：南方民族研究 年级年级：2004 级 中 文 摘 要 中 文 摘 要 族群关系研究是当前民族学、人类学的一个重要领域，也是区域研究的一个重要方面。客家研究与瑶族研究一直都是我国人文学科研究的重要领域，然而关于客家与瑶族族群关系的研究并不多。因而本文以贺州为个案，采用文献资料分析、实地调查等方法，对贺州客家与瑶族的族群关系变迁进行历时性研究，同时着重分析了当前族群关系的现状，并论述了民族关系与族群关系的互动。 自“族群”
2、概念在 20 世纪 90 年代传入我国大陆以来，与“民族”一直存在概念之争，因而本文在引言部分首先对相关概念进行了理论界定，分析了民族关系与族群关系之间的联系与区别。 贺州地处湘、粤、桂三省交界，自宋朝开始，瑶、壮、汉等民族相继迁入境内。瑶族自宋朝起开始迁入，比较有特色：是贺州人口最多的少数民族，有过山瑶和土瑶两个族群，且居住比较集中；客家的大量迁入贺州是在明末清初时期，是桂东客家人数最多的地区。通过对文献资料和实地调查资料的分析，论述了贺州客家与瑶族明清时期、民国时期、文革时期以及改革开放以来四个阶段的族群关系， 并着重论述了改革开放以来的阶段。 客瑶族群的交往范围包括政治、 经济、社会生活
3、、文化等方面。通过长期彼此之间相互学习与帮助，族群关系从最初的接触、磨合发展到现在的和谐，并且向着良好的趋势发展。 经过对贺州客家与瑶族族群关系的历时性分析，总结了其整体的和谐性、逐渐的开放性、 经济的互补与合作、 文化的互动与融合等特点。 民族作为上位概念，民族关系对族群关系起到一种指引的作用，族群关系又可以影响民族关系的发展，因此，贺州民族关系也具有这样的特点。贺州各族群、民族关系的和谐发展既是历史融合的结果，也是贺州民族制度和相关政策正确实施带来的良好反映。但是由于历史原因，汉族与壮、瑶等少数民族之间又存在形式上的平等与事实上的不平等问题。但是，借助政府外因的促进作用，充分发挥内因的根本
4、作用，以及汉族先进文化与技术的影响，贺州瑶、壮等少数民族不断发展本民族的经济、文化，从而使民族关系、族群关系呈现“扩散现代化”模式，真正实现民族的平等与繁荣发展。 关键词关键词：贺州 客家 过山瑶 土瑶 族群关系 IIA Study on the Ethnic Relations between the Hakka and the Yao in Hezhou Prefecture Abstract Ethnic Relations is the national research study, an important field of anthropology, as well as an
5、important aspect of regional studies. The Yao and the Hakkas study has been an important area for research subjects on the humanities in China, however, the study on the Hakka and the Yao ethnic relations is not that much. Hence this paper to Hezhou Prefecture cases, it used literature analysis, fie
6、ld surveys and other methods, and research ethnic relations change between The Hakka and The Yao in Hezhou Prefecture over time study, meanwhile focused on analysis of the current ethnic relations, and discusses the relationship between the ethnic relations and the race relations. Since the concept
7、of “ethnic group “ spread into the continent of our country in the 1990s, there is a struggle of the concept with “ nationality “ all the time. Therefore, this text has carried on the theory to define to relevant concepts in the foreword part at first, and then analyzed connection and distinction be
8、tween national relation and ethnic group relation. Hezhou Prefecture lies in Guangxi, the intersection of Hunan and Guangdong provinces. Since the Song Dynasty, the Yao, the Zhuang and the Han ethnic groups occupied the territory. First from the Song Dynasty the Yao started moving into, with more ch
9、aracteristics: the most populous ethnic minority of Hezhou Prefecture, include Guoshan the Yao and Tu Yao two ethnic groups, and live relatively concentrated; the Hakka is a massive shift into Hezhou Prefecture in the late Ming and early Qing period, and it is the largest number of the Hakka in Hezh
10、ou Prefecture in Guidong area. Based on the literature and field survey data, it discuss the ethnic group relation between the Hakka and the Yao in Hezhou Prefecture in the four stages :Ming and Qing Dynasties, Min Period, Period of the Culture Revolution, since the beginning of IIIreform and openin
11、g-up Period, and focus on describing the fourth stage. The range that the Hakkas and the Yao nationality associate includes some respects such as political, economic, social life, culture, etc. Through studying and helping each other for a long time, ethnicitys relation grows from initial contact, b
12、reak-in to the present harmony, and develops towards the good trend. After analyzed and studied ethnic relations between the Hakka and the Yao in Hezhou Prefecture over the time, summed up the characteristic: overall harmony of gradually opening up, economic complementarity and cooperation, cultural
13、 interaction and integration features, etc. As nationality goes location concept, national relation play one function of guide to ethnicity relation, ethnicity relation can influence national development of relation, so Hezhou Prefecture national relation have such characteristics. The harmonious de
14、velopment of every ethnicity and national relation in Hezhou Prefecture is the result of long history merges, also is the good reflection of the correct national system and relevant policies. However, because of historic reasons, there are formal equality and inequality problem in fact between the H
15、an and the Zhuang, the Yao and the other ethnic minorities. However, using the government to promote the role of external factors and internal factors into full play the fundamental role, the Han nationality culture with advanced technologies and the impact, the Yao, the Zhuang and the other ethnic
16、minorities in Hezhou Prefecture will continue to development the nations economy, culture. Ethnic relations turns out “in proliferation-modern“ mode, the actual realization of the nations equality and prosperity, development. Key Words: Hezhou Prefecture, the Hakka, Guoshan Yao, Tu Yao, Ethnic Relations. 论文独创性声明论文独创性声明 本人郑重声明： 所提交的学位论文是本人在导师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不含其他个人或其他机构已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本文的研究作出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人承担本声明的法律责任。 研究生签名：
