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1、 The Discovery of What It Means to Be an American James Baldwin Aims: 1) Improving students ability to read between lines and understand the text properly;2) Cultivating students ability to make a creative reading;3) Enhancing students ability to appreciate the text from different perspectivesAims:4
2、) Helping students to understand some difficult words and expressions; 5) Helping students to understanding rhetorical devices; 6) Encouraging students to voice their own viewpoint fluently and accurately.Teaching Contents: 1) Background Knowledge 2) Exposition 3) Detailed study of the Essay Organiz
3、ation Pattern Styles and Language Features 6) Special Difficulties Time Allocation:1) Background knowledge (15 min.) 2) Detailed study of the text (180 min.) 3) Structure analysis (15 min.) 4) Language appreciation (15 min.) 5) Free talk (30 min)Background Knowledge1) About the author, James Baldwin
4、, and his major works2) Other Negro writers: Richard Wright: Ralph Allison 3) Expatriates Exposition http:/www.stanford.edu/arnetha/expow rite/info.htmlDetailed study of The EssayPre-reading Question:1) In what way does this title impress you? Have you ever thought of what is means to be A Chinese?
5、2) In some peoples eyes, to be an American means to enjoy more freedom. Do you share their view?Part One: Para.1-9 Mainly focus on what Baldwin, as an American Negro have found out in Europe.1) Beginning with the quotation of famous American writer Henry James lends authority and force to what one i
6、ntends to say2) In Europe, the author makes an principal discovery of how complex the fate to be AmericanWhy does the author leave America?1) afraid of being unable to live through all the furious struggle brought by racial discrimination in America; 2) wanted to prevent himself from becoming merely
7、 a Negro; or even, merely a Negro writer. 3) wants to find out in what way he could make use of his special experience to bring him closer to other people instead of driving him farther apart from them;Question: What is the “fury of the color problem”? (Line2)It means the furious struggle brought by
8、 racial discrimination in America.Para. 3-8:The experience in Europe exerts a great impact on Baldwin. There He realized that:1) He was a very patriotic American. All the other American writers in Paris also shared this patriotic feeling. 2) Americans, both white and black, were all trying to find t
9、heir own special individualities.3)The fact of Europe was part of their identity and part of their inheritance. 4)He had accepted his American Negro status without feeling ashamed and no longer hated America.Question: What does the writer mean when he says he found himself to be as American as any T
10、exas G. I.? Why was he astonished at this?Question: Why did the writer go to Switzerland? How did Bessie Smith help him? Question: “I had been in Paris a couple of years before any of this became clear to me.” What does the word “this” refer to?Para.9-The author discovers his specific identity which
11、 encourages him to fight in the dangerous and unending struggle whose outcome one cannot yet foresee.Figure of speech: Metaphor1) “ When it did, I like many a writer before me upon the discovery that his props have all been knocked out from under him, ”2) “ and, anyway, a writer, when he has made hi
12、s first breakthrough, has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous, unending and unpredictable battle still, ” Part Two : Para.10-16 The experience of staying in Europe helps Baldwin realize his own faults , his own identity and his own value.Para.10In Europe, Baldwin realized its the high time
13、to get rid of some habits, because these habits make him unable to function effectively.A sense of relief from: 1) Finding reason or excuses to explain why he is a writer; 2) Displaying his strength to defend himself or to avoid be attacked; 3) Trying to prove he is an ordinary person;Para.11 The di
14、fference between Europe and America results in authors realization of his own identity and valueEurope: 1) European society has always been divided into classes. 2) European writer is a part of an old honorable tradition of intellectual activity 3) European society is more stable and everyone there
15、has a fixed status 4) There is a freer and more genuinely friendly relationship in EuropeAmerica: 1) American people have a very deep-rooted distrust of real intellectual effort and they cling desperately to that myth of America; 2) American writers status is lowest in American society. 3) American society is more mobile but no one has fixed status or no one knows what his status is. 4) Social paranoia Simile “It is as though he suddenly came out of a dark tunnel” Comparing_to_
