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1、代 词( pron.)一、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词一表清分类类 人称、作用人称代词词物主代词词 反身代词词主格宾宾格形容词词性名词词性第一人称单单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单单数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves作用主语语宾语宾语、表语语定语语主语语、表语语 、宾语宾语宾语宾语、表语语
2、、同位语语（一）人称代词的语序：v单数形式：（二、三、一）v 即：you/ he/ Iv复数形式：（一、二、三）v 即；we/ you/ they（二）、名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词v形容词性物主代词在句中做定语修饰名词，一般不 单独使用。v名词性物主代词常用来避免与前面提及的名词重复 ，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。veg: This is my dictionary. Where is yours?v名词性物主代词可用在of 后面做定语，相当于“ of +名词所有格” ，表示带有部分概念或有一定的感情 色彩。veg: He is a friend of mine.二、it的用法vi
3、t既是宾格又可以做主格，有时也可以指人。v1. 代表前面提到过的事物。如：My pen is missing. I cant find it anywhere.v2. 用来指人，主要指婴儿或者身份不明的人。-Who is knocking at the door?-It is me.The woman had a baby. It was five months old.二、it的用法v3. 表示时间、距离、天气等。如：It will be sunny tomorrow.v4. 作形式主语或者形式宾语。如：I found it difficult to learn English well f
4、irst.It is impossible for us to learn a foreign language.三、反身代词的用法v定义：反身代词又称自身代词，由第一人称、第二 人称形容词性物主代词和第三人称人称代词宾格， 单数加词尾self、复数加词尾selves 构成，可用口 诀简记如下：v反身代词表自身，self与selves单数、复分。一、二人称形代后，第三人称改用宾。v在句子中，反身代词可作动词或介词的宾语、表语 、主语或者宾语的同位语，也可用口诀简记：v反身代词三成分：宾、表同位反自身。三、反身代词的用法v（一）作动词的宾语v反身代词可以与enjoy, hurt, teach,
5、look after等词 连用，表明动作的承受者就是主语本身。v1. enjoy oneself = have a good timeDid you enjoy yourself at the party last night?v2. help oneself (to sth.) 随便吃点什么，后面可接 食物，一般用在宴会当中，用来招呼客人的用语。Help yourselves to some fruit, children.三、反身代词的用法v3. hurt oneself 伤着自己She didnt hurt herself.v4. teach oneself = learn by one
6、self自学Did you teach yourself English ? = Did you learn English by yourself?v5. look after oneself 照顾自己I can look after myself well, thanks.三、反身代词的用法v6. say to oneself自言自语Mary said to herself, “ What shall I do?”v7. come to oneself苏醒Soon the lady came to herself.v8. make oneself + 过去分词，使自己被别人She did
7、her best to make herself understood.v9. make yourself at home别客气，让自己像在家一样Help yourself to some fish. Make yourself at home.v10. lose oneself in沉浸于陶醉于They both lost themselves in the beautiful music.三、反身代词的用法v（二） 反身代词和介词连用构成介词宾语v1. by oneself = alone自己做She has done her homework by herself.v2. for one
8、self为自己She made the skirt for herself.v3. of oneself自然而然的、自动的The door opened of itself.v4. among themselves在他们中间They are discussing the matter among themselves.三、反身代词的用法v（三）作表语v反身代词可与be动词或系动词连用，表示或描述一种感觉、 情绪或状态。The little boy was myself.v（四）用作主语或宾语的同位语，往往用来加强名词或代词 的语气，在句中可置于名词、代词之前、之后或句子末尾。v1. 作主语的同
9、位语You will have to do it yourself.He himself wrote the words and music of the songs.v作宾语的同位语I will give the letter to your brother himself.Youd better ask Mary herself about it.四、指示代词this/ that/ these/ those单单数复数用法1用法2 thisthese近指指下文将要提及的事thatthose远远指指前面刚刚提过过的事 【辨析】one, it, thatit 常用来特指上下文提到的同类事物，用来
10、指可数名词或 者不可数名词，one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一份子， 用于代替可数名词，that常用在比较等级中，代表前面提到的 名词，以避免重复。 The book is mine. It is very interesting. I have some apples. You can have one. The weather of Dalian is much wetter than that of Lanzhou.五、不定代词some, any, each, every, both, neither, all, none等v（一）some 与 anyvsome 常用于肯定句中，当说话
11、者期望得到对方的 肯定回答或表示请求建议时，可以用在疑问句中； any常用于否定句和疑问句中，当any表示“任何 ”时，可用于肯定句。There arent any students in the classroom.-Would you like some bread?-Yes, please.五、不定代词some, any, each, every, both, neither, all, none等v（二）辨析both, neither, either, all, nonevboth, neither和 either这三个词用于两者或 两者之间，both表示“两者都”，用于肯 定句；ne
12、ither与both互为反义词，意为“两 者都不”；either表示“两者之中任何一个 ”（或者用于否定句中，表示“也”）。all和 none都用于三者或者三者以上，all表示“全 部、都”，none表示“没有任何人或物”。五、不定代词some, any, each, every, both, neither, all, none等v【辨析】so/ neither+助动词+主语！和so/ neither+主语+助动词！vso +（be、助动词、情态动词）+主语，意为“也” ，“同样”。表示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人 （物），此句是一倒装句。neither用法与之相反。vso +主语+（be
13、、助动词、情态动词），表示“赞同 ”，意为“不错、的确、确实”。注意：前后两个句子 指的是同一个人。同样，neither的用法与之相反。五、不定代词some, any, each, every, both, neither, all, none等v（三）many one another.v表示两个人或事物之间的相互关系用each other, 表示三个或者三个以上的人或事物之 间的相互关系时，用one another或each other都可以，也就是说one anther一般不用 于两者之间的相互关系。其所有格形式是 each other s和one another s，两者常可 互换。八、
14、疑问代词及关系代词v（一）疑问代词v1. who，whom都表示“谁”，作主语时用who，作 宾语时用whom。Who在特殊疑问句中可以替换 whom，但当疑问词作介词宾语时，且介词又置于 句首时，只能用whom。With whom did you talk just now?Who (whom) are you waiting for?v2. which, what在特殊疑问句作定语时，后面必须 紧跟一个名词。What class are you in?八、疑问代词及关系代词v（二）关系代词vThis is the doctor who came here yesterday.vThe ma
15、n whom you saw last week has left the town.vI know the woman whose husband is a doctor.vThe room which you can see by the river is a reading room.主格宾宾格所有格指人whowhomwhose 指人或物which /练习一：单项选择v1. Please send_ best wishes to Mary.A. I B. me C. my D. minev2. This is my book. _are over there.A. Your B. You
16、rs C. You D. Minev3. _ have a lot of homework to do.A. He, you and I B. You, he and IC. I, you and he D.I, he and you v4. The man downstairs found _ very difficult to get to sleep.A. that B. them C. it D. itsv5. -Hi, Jim. Is this your bike or Toms?- Its mine, not_.A. hers B. yours C. his D. himCBBCC练习一：单项选择v6. Tom is here, a
