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1、No,nos in public speaking 演讲切忌演讲切忌 Talking too rapidly; 语速太快; Speaking in a monotone;声音单调； Using too high a vocal pitch; 声音尖细； Talking and not saying much; “谈”得太多，说得太少； Presenting without enough emotion or passion; 感情不充分； Talking down to the audience; 对观众采取一种居高临下的姿态; Using too many “big“ words; 夸张的词
2、语使用得太多； Using abstractions without giving concrete examples; 使用抽象概念而不给出事例加以说明； Using unfamiliar technical jargon; 使用别人不熟悉的技术术语； Using slang or profanity; 使用俚语或粗俗语； Disorganized and rambling performance; 演讲无组织，散乱无序； Indirect communication i.e. beating around the bush； 说话绕弯子，不切中主题； How to communicate
3、with the audience 怎样与听众交流 A message worth communicating; 要有值得交流的观点； Gain the listeners atention: capture their interest and build their trust; 引起听众的注意：抓住他们的兴趣并赢得信任； Emphasize understanding; 重视理解； Obtain their feedback; 获得反馈； Watch your emotional tone; 注意声调要有感情； Persuade the audience; 说服听众； How to ga
4、in confidence 怎样变得自信 Smile and glance at the audience; 微笑并看着观众； Start very slowly, with your shoulders back and your chin up; 开始发言时要慢一点，身体保持昂首挺胸的姿态； Open your speech by saying something very frankly; 开场白说一些真诚话； Wear your very best clothes; 穿上自己最好的衣服； Say something positive to yourself; 对自己说一些积极的话； F
5、our objectives of the speech 演讲的四个目标演讲的四个目标 To offer information; 提供信息； To entertain the audience; 使听众感到乐趣； To touch emotions; 动之以情； To move to action; 使听众行动起来； How to cope with brownout 如何对付忘词如何对付忘词 Just smile and go to the next card. Not the one in front of you, but to the next following. Look at
6、the first word on it. This will be the point from which you will now continue. Of course you missed part of your speech. But nobody will notice it. they will blame themselves for not following your thoughts. 只需要微微一笑，继续下一张卡片上的内容，不是摆在你目前的那张卡片，而是下一张。看一下卡片上的第一个单词，这就是你要继续的要点。当然你会遗漏一部分内容，但是没有人会注意到这一点。听众只会
7、责怪自己没有跟上你的思路。 How to begin 如何开头如何开头 To tell a story (about yourself); 讲个（自己的）故事； To acknowledge the occasion of the gathering； 对大家能够聚在一起表示感谢； To pay the listeners a compliment； 称赞一下听众； To quote ； 引用名人名言； To use unusual statistics； 使用一些不平常的数据； To ask the audience a challenging question； 问观众一个挑战性的问题；
8、To show a video or a slide. 播放录像带或看幻灯片。 How to close 如何结尾如何结尾 To repeat your opening; 重复你的开头； To summarize your presentation; 概括你的演讲； To close with an anecdote; 以趣事结尾； To end with a call to action; 以号召行动结尾； To ask a rhetorical question; 以反问结尾； To make a statement; 以一个陈述句结尾； To show an outline of you
9、r presentation. 展示演讲大纲。 Eye contact 眼神交流眼神交流 Move your eyes slowly from person to person, and pause two or three seconds with each listener; 眼睛慢慢地从一个移动到另一个人，在每一个人身上停留两到三秒钟时间； Look at people straight or look at the bridge of their noses or chins; 眼睛直视听众，或看着他们的鼻梁或下巴 Look for the friendlier faces and s
10、mile at them one by one, then move on to the more skeptical members and smile at them one by one also; 找到那些看起来比较友善的听众，逐次朝他们微笑；然后目标转向那些有些怀疑的听众，也逐渐朝他们微笑； Imagine the audience in bathrobes in case you are nervous. 如果你感到紧张，不妨想象听众都穿着浴衣的样子。 How to use the microphone 如何使用话筒如何使用话筒 You must speak up and proj
11、ect your voice even if you are using a microphone; 即使是用话筒，也要声音响亮并运气发声； Your voice should be resonant and sustained when you speak; 声音要有回声并能稍持续一阵儿； Pitch your voice slightly lower than normal. Listeners tend to associate credibility and authority with a relatively deep voice; 音调要定得比正常讲话时低一些，听众往往把可信度与
12、权威性与一个相对低沉的声音联系在一起； Try to end declarative sentences on a low tone without, however, trailing off in volume; 尽量用降调结束陈述句，但不要减弱音量； Slow down. 放慢语速。 Typical signals of nervousness 紧张的典型特征紧张的典型特征 Hands in pockets 手放在口袋里 Increased blinking of the eyes 眨眼次数过多； Failure to make eye contact 害怕眼神的接触； Licking
13、and biting of the lips 舔嘴唇和史嘴唇； Finger tapping 敲叩手指； Fast,jerky gestures 手势又急又快； Cracking voices 粗哑的声音 Increased rate of speech 讲话速度加快； Clearing of the throat 清嗓子； Buttocks clamped tightly together 臀部崩得紧紧的； the way to over come nervousness is breathe in deep and breathe out slowly for some times. 克服
14、紧张的办法是调匀呼吸，深吸气，慢呼出。 HOW to dress 如何穿着得体如何穿着得体 Dark colored suits or dresses； 穿深色西装； Red ties or scarves; 空朴素的白衬衫或上衣； Black shoes,freshly polished; 戴红色的领带或丝巾； Very little jewelry -worn discreetly; 穿刚刚擦亮的黑色鞋子； Calm,slow gestures and slow movements; 尽量不戴首饰，要戴的话要非常小心； Shoulders back,chin up. 挺胸抬头。 HOW t
15、o use gestures 如何使有手势如何使有手势 Make sure all your gestures are smooth and natural; 所有的动作都应该流畅自然； Dont put your hands in your pockets; 不要把手插在口袋里； Let your hands and arms drop naturally to your side ,gently fold both indes fingers together,without wringing or gripping your hands in any way; 将手和手臂自然地在身体两侧
16、下垂，轻微屈起食指，不要扭在一起或紧握拳头； Let your hands do what they want to do as long as they dont go back into your pockets or make obscene gestures. 手想要怎样就让它怎样，直到它不再回到你的口袋或在听众面前做一些惹人讨厌的手势。 Point at imaginary objects and dont point at others with your index finger; 手可以指点着假想的物体，不要用食指指着别人； Size or quantity can also easily be shown by expanding or contracting the hands; 心寸的大小和数量的多少也可以通过两手的扩张和收缩来演示； Gracefully show your audience the appropriate number of fingers by holding your hands at a 45 deGREe angle from
