江苏省徐州市铜山区马坡镇2018年中考英语总复习专项练习专题(十)非谓语动词学案

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1、专题(十)专题(十) 非谓语动词非谓语动词【学习目标学习目标】1.掌握非谓语动词的形式及用法。2.掌握非谓语动词的做题技巧。3.能够熟练运用谓语动词,非谓语动词的相关知识完成中考题型:“用所给动词的正确形式填空”。【学生自学学生自学】1. 非谓语动词是指不定式、动名词,分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)2. 非谓语动词的特点: 三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征,虽然它们没人称和数的变化,但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征:不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语,定语或状语。动名词具有名词的特征,在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语和定语。分词具有形容

2、词和副词的特征,在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等。【预习展示预习展示】1.分析非谓语动词在句子中的成分:主语主语宾语宾语表语表语宾补宾补定语定语状语状语不定式不定式动名词动名词分分 词词2.用动词的正确形式填空。(1(_ (climb) mountains is interesting(主语)(2(His wish is_ ( buy) a new car in the near future(表语)(3(We often practice _ ( play ) football after school . (宾语)(4(My parents do not allow me_ ( g

3、o ) out after 6 p.m. (宾补)(5(I have something important _( tell ) you. (定语)(6(She ran fast _ (catch ) the first bus. (状语)【教师精讲教师精讲】11、动、动 词词 不不 定定 式:式: 动词不定式是由 to + 动词原形构成,在句中起名词,形容词和副词的作用,可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。 (1 1) 动词不定式作主语:动词不定式作主语: _(Learn) English is very important. 动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面,而用 it 作形式主语放在原主语的

4、位置上。 Its necessary _( find) the witness. (2 2) 动词不定式作宾语:动词不定式作宾语: 某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语,如, afford,pretend,agree,wish, fail, plan, prefer, happen, prepare, decide, learn, choose, hope, promise, want/would like, refuse, decide learn The boy promised _ (not be) late for school again.(3 3)动词不定式作宾语补语)动词不定式作宾

5、语补语 常见的用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有 ask,get,allow,prefer,request, advise, help, recommend,remind,invite,intend,require, tell,like,order,warn,enable,need,encourage, want,teach, wish Please ask him _( come) here quickly. The teacher told the students _(not shout) in class.(4 4)动词不定式作表语)动词不定式作表语主语是以 aim, duty, hope,

6、 idea,job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish 等为中心的名词,或以 what 引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起解释说明作用What I should do is_ ( finish) the task soon. My purpose is _(help) you solve your problem.(5 5)动词不定式作定语:)动词不定式作定语: There are many ways _(solve) the problem.。 I have something important _( tell) you. 不定式作定语,应注意两

7、种关系:(1)动宾关系:He has a lot of homework to do . (do a lot of homework)He is looking for a room to live in . (live in a room)(2)主谓关系:She is always the last to speak at the meeting . (6 6)不定式作状语:)不定式作状语:(1)原因He is lucky_ ( get) here on time . 这种结构中常用的形容词有:happy , glad , pleased , sorry , lucky, proud , a

8、ngrysurprised , frightened , ready , clever(2)目的He came _( help) me with my maths . (3)结果I hurried to get there only_ ( find )him out (7 7)注意:)注意:动词不定式的否定形式: not + to + 动词原形 The teacher told us_(not swim )in that river. Its unfair _(not tell) us. 带疑问词的不定式: 疑问词 who, what, which, when, where, how,可以加在

9、不定式的前面,构成不定式短语,使含义更加具体。 Where _( go) is not known yet.I dont know when _( begin). 不定式省略 to 的基本规律a. 在 let, make, have 等使役动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略 to。如:My mother wouldnt let me _(go) to the film. I dont like milk, but mother often makes me _(drink) it.b. 在 see, hear, observe, notice, feel, watch 等感官动词后用作宾语补

10、足语的不定式须省略 to。I watched her _(get )into the car. I saw the woman _(enter) a bank. 使役动词,感官动词用于被动语态时,其后的不定式必须带 to。The woman was seen _( enter )a bank.c. 在动词 help 后宾语补足语的不定式可以带 to,也可以省略 to。Can I help you _(carry this heavy box? d. why not ?之后的不定式省略 to。Why not _(ask) the teacher? e. 用作介词 except, but 宾语的不

11、定式有时带 to,有时不带 to。其大致原则是:若前面出现了实意动词 do,其后的不定式不带 to;若其前没有实意动词 do,则其后的不定式带 to。如:I had no choice but _( wait).She can do everything except _(cook). f. 当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列时,通常只需在第一个不定式前用 to,其余不定式前的 to 可以省略。He told me to stay there and wait for him. g.在一定的上下文中,为了避免重复,有时不定式可以省略,但通常保留不定式符号to。如:I shall go if I

12、want to. Dont go till I tell you to. h.若被省略的不定式为 to be 短语,则通常应保留 to be。如:He is not the man he used to be. i.下列短语中的 to 都是介词:thanks to ,devote to, belong to , be used to , look forward to, pay attention toWe are looking forward to _(hear) from you.22、动、动 名名 词词动名词是由动词原形 + ing 构成,在句中可作主语, 宾语,表语和定语。 (1 1

13、) 动名词作主语:动名词作主语: _(talk) like that is not polite. _(learn) from others is important . (2 2)动名词作表语:)动名词作表语:The nurses job is _(look) after the patients. Seeing is believing.如果主语是不定式,表语也用不定式。To see is to believe.(3 3)动名词作宾语)动名词作宾语 有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,它们是 allow,advise,suggest, , finish, enjoy, keep, practice

14、, mind, dislike, consider 等Do you mind_( open) the windows?(4 4)动名词作定语)动名词作定语 She is studying in the _(read) room. He slept in the _(sleep) bag. (5 5)注意:)注意:(1) 动名词的否定形式:not + 动名词 He pretend_( not know) it at all. We considered_( not do) it now. (2) 动词作宾语时主要用不定式和动名词,注意以下四种情况:只能接动名词的动词有:consider, dislike, enjoy, finish, keep, mind, practice 等. 只能接不定式的动词有: decide, hope, promise, refuse, agree 等. 能跟动名词和不定式意义无区别的动词有: love, like, hate, begin, continue, start 等 下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别forget to do 忘记要做某事 forget doing 忘记做了某事remember to do记住要做某事 remember doing

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