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1、The Project Management Context and ProcessesIT Project Management1Context and ProcessesOutlinenA Systems View of Project ManagementnProject Phases and the Project Life CyclenUnderstanding OrganizationsnSuggested Skills for a Project ManagernProject Management Process GroupsIT Project Management2Cont
2、ext and ProcessesA System View of Project ManagementnWe cant achieve anything in business without profitsFujio Mitarai CEO CanonIT Project Management3Context and ProcessesEnterprise Management Approach 公司管理的方法IT Project ManagementBusiness Management 业务管理Project Management 项目管理Engineering 工程Process 步
3、骤 Methodology 方法Tools 工具Best Practices 最佳的策略The highway codeHow to driveThe carAdvanced driving4Context and ProcessesA System View of Project ManagementnTaking a systems view means looking at the big picture of how a particular project fits into the rest of the organization. nIt is important for pro
4、ject managers to understand the broader organizational environment to ensure their projects meet organizational needs.IT Project Management5Context and ProcessesProjects Cannot Be Run In IsolationnProjects must operate in a broad organizational environment. If project are run in isolation, it is unl
5、ikely that those projects will ever truly serve the needs of the organization.nProject managers need to take a holistic or systems view of a project and understand how it is situated within the larger organization Systems thinkingIT Project Management6Context and ProcessesThree Sphere Model for Syst
6、ems ManagementBusinessTechnologyOrganizationIT Project ManagementSenior managers and project managers must identify key business, technological and organizational issues related to each project in order to do what is best for the entire organization.7Context and ProcessesProject Life CyclenProjects
7、operate as part of a system and involve uncertainty, it is good practice to divide projects into several phases.nA project life cycle is a collection of project phasesIT Project Management8Context and ProcessesProject Phases and the Project Life CyclenProject phases vary by project or industry, but
8、some general phases includenconceptndevelopmentnimplementationnClose-outIT Project Management9Context and ProcessesProject Life Cycle ModelIT Project Management初期中期后期ConceptphaseDevelopmentphaseImplementationphaseClose-outphaseTimeActivity BeginEnd10Context and ProcessesPhases of the Project Life Cy
9、clenConcept PhasenManagers usually briefly describe the project nDevelop a very high-level or summary plan for the project, which describes the need for the project and basic underlying concepts.nA preliminary or very rough cost estimate is developed nAn overview of the work involved is creatednWork
10、 Breakdown Structure WBSIT Project Management11Context and ProcessesPhases of the Project Life CyclenDevelopment PhasenThe project team creates a more detailed project plannA more accurate cost estimate nA more thorough WBSnThis phased approach minimizes the time and money spent developing inappropr
11、iate projects. nA project idea must pass the concept phase before evolving during the development phase. IT Project Management12Context and ProcessesPhases of the Project Life CyclenImplementation PhasenThe project team delivers the required worknCreates a definitive or very accurate cost estimatenP
12、rovides performance reports to stakeholders nThe bulk of a project teams efforts and the most money are usually spent during the implementation phase of projects. IT Project Management13Context and ProcessesPhases of the Project Life CyclenClose-out PhasenAll of the work is completednCustomer accept
13、s the entire projectnThe project team should document their experiences on the project in a lessons-learned report IT Project Management14Context and ProcessesPhases of the Project Life CycleIT Project Management15Context and ProcessesProduct Life CyclesnProducts also have life cyclesnThe Systems De
14、velopment Life Cycle (SDLC) is a framework for describing the phases involved in developing and maintaining information systemsnTypical SDLC phases include planning, analysis, design, implementation, and supportIT Project Management16Context and ProcessesSample SDLC ModelsnWaterfall model: has well-
15、defined, linear stages of systems development and supportnSpiral model: shows that software is developed using an iterative or spiral approach rather than a linear approachnIncremental release model: provides for progressive development of operational softwarenPrototyping model: used for developing
16、prototypes to clarify user requirementsnIT Project Management17Context and ProcessesSoftware Project Life CycleIT Project ManagementPlanning Requirement AnalysisDesignCodingTestingOperation Project Feasibility起步 - 工作要求和项目可行性 q Planning Project Plan 计划 - 项目计划q Executing Change Request; Work Result执行 - 改变工作要求；工作成果q Controlling Project Plan Updates;
