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1、2000 What We Know About LanguageMany things about language are a mystery and will remain so. However, we now do know something about it. First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. No human race anywhere on earth is so backward that it has no language of its own at all. Second
2、 , there is no such thing as a primitive language. There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped but the languages they speak are by no means primitive. In all the languages existing in the world today, there are complexities that must have been developed for years. Third, we know that all la
3、nguages are perfectly adequate. Each is a perfect means of expressing its culture. And finally, we know that language changes over time, which is natural and normal if a language is to survive. The language which remains unchanged is nothing but dead.2001 Characteristics of a Good ReaderTo improve y
4、our reading habits ,/you must understand the characteristics of a good reader. /First, the good reader usually reads rapidly./0f course, he does not read every piece of material at the same rate. /But whether he is reading a newspaper or a chapter in a physics text,/his reading rate is relatively fa
5、st./He has learned to read for ideas rather than words one at a time./Next, the good reader can recognize and understand general ideas and specific details./Thus he is able to comprehend the material with a minimum of effort and a maximum of interest. /Finally, the good reader has at his command sev
6、eral special skills ,/which he can apply to reading problems as they occur. /For the college student, the most helpful of these skills include/ making use of the various aids to understanding that most textbooks provide /and skim-reading for a general survey.2002 Disappearing forestsThe worlds fores
7、ts are dispearing .As much as a third of the total tree cover has benn lost/ since agriculture began some 10000years ago./ The ramaining forests are home to half of the world species, /thus becoming the chief resource for their survival. /Tropical rain foreats once covered 12 of the land of the plan
8、et / as well as supporting at least half of the world species of plants and animals./ There rain forests are home to millions of pepole,/ but there are other demands on them ./For example,much has been cut for timber,/ and an increasing amount of forestland has been used for industurial purposes/ or
9、 for agricultural development, such as crop growing./By the 1900s,less than half of the earths original rain forests remained,/ and they continue to disappear at an alaming rate every year./ Asa result, the worlds forests are now facing a gradual extinction.2003SalmonEvery year millions of salmon sw
10、im from the ocean/ into the mouths of the rivers and then steadily out of the rivers, / Passing through waters,around the rocks and waterfalls,/ the fish finally reach their original streams or lakes./ They dig up nests in the riverbed and lay their eggs. / Then, exhausted by their journey, the pare
11、nts salmon die. / They have finished the task that the nature has given them. / Months or years later, the young fish start their trip to the ocean. / They live in the salt water from two to seven years,/ until they too are ready to swim back to reproduce. / Their life cycle helps man provide himsel
12、f with a basic food-fish. / When the adult salmon gather at the river mouths for the annual trip of the rivers,/ they are in the best possible condition. / And nearly every harbour has its salmon fishing fleet /ready to catch thousands for market.2004 MONEY Money is accepted across the world as paym
13、ent for goods or services. People use money to buy food, clothes and hundreds of other things. In the past, many different things were used as money. People on Pacific islands once exchanged shells for goods. The Chinese used cloth and knives. In Africa, elephant tusks or salt were used. Even today,
14、 some people in Africa are still paid in salt. Coins were first invented by the Chinese. Originally, they were round pieces of metal with a hole in the center, so that a piece of string could keep them together. This made doing business much easier, but people still found coins inconvenient to carry
15、 when they wanted to buy something expensive. To solve this problem, the Chinese again came up with the solution. They began to use paper money for coins. Now paper notes are used throughout the world.2005The Wrist WatchIt is generally believed that wrist watches are an exception / to the normal seq
16、uence in the evolution of mans jewelry. / Reversing the usual order, they were first worn by women, / and then adopted by men. / In the old days, queens included wrist watches among their crown jewelry. / Later, they were worn by Swiss workers and farmers. / Until World War I, Americans associated the watch with fortune hunters. / Then army officers discovered that the wrist watch was most practical for active combat. / Race car drivers
