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1、1.This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.词汇突破：cognitive 认知的 （后天习得的）Intuitive 先天的和以上这组单词概念相同的表达还有：Nature 先天；nurture 后天； born ;先天的；made
2、 后天的；innate 天生的；Acquired 后天习得；Determine 决定Coupled with 相当于 and,想类似的表达还有 along with ; combined with 等。主干识别：句子的主语是 This success 和 later research ；谓语是 led; 宾语是 Ericsson; 不定式短语to conclude 做状语；主干结构是：this success and later research led Ericsson to conclude that 其他成分：在 research 后面接一个现在分词短语做后置定语，在这个现在分词短语中
3、that 引导的从句做 showing 的宾语；在不定式短语中 that 引导的从句做 conclude 的宾语；morethan 结构翻译为与其说，不如说。微观解析：由于主语中的第二个并列成分比较长，且是用两个逗号隔开的，在阅读的时候可以跳读；把 This success 和动词 led 先连起来然后再来解析其他成分。译文赏析：这种成功和后来表明记忆本身并不是先天决定的研究使爱立信总结道，记忆的行为与其说是一种先天的行为不如说是一种习得的行为。2.It is not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out
4、 numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.词汇突破：visualize 想象Figure out 发现和找出Suits 使适合主干识别：句子主语是由 how 引导的一个主语从句，it 是句子的形式主语；句子主干为: How is not obvious.在主语从句中主语是 capacity，谓语是 suits 宾语是one ;其他成分：状语为 to answer主语后加上两个动词不定式做后置定语； 动词不定式中的宾语ques
5、tions 后面接一个 that 引导的定语从句。难点揭秘：这个句子是一个由形式主语 it 引导的主语从句，其中难点为需要识别出主语从句中的动词suits.译文赏析：构思物体和找出数字模型的能力是如何让一个人去回答那些连最好的诗人和哲学家都回避的问题的，这点我们还不是很清楚。3Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether its knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.【词汇突破】Toil throug
6、h (辛苦的经历)名词：Winston Churchill: “Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat”(丘吉尔演讲)sweat and toil （汗水和辛苦）He succeeded after years of toil. (他经历数年的辛劳之后成功了)SAT 美国高考 全称为 scholastic assessment test 学术性评估测试testify 证实matter 这里是动词，重要；sth matters 事情很重要；【主干识别】anyone 为句子的主语，will testify 为句子谓语，that 引导一个宾语从句；【其他成分】that 引导的宾语从
7、句中 test-taking skill 为主语，matters 做谓语，whether 引导一个状语从句【译文赏析】任何一个曾经辛苦的经历过 SAT 考试的人都会证实考试的技巧也很重要，无论这种技巧是知道什么时候去猜还是知道什么问题应该跳过。【造句】Anyone who has achieved the success to any extent will testify that cooperation matters, whether its individuals willingness to cooperate or team work spirit of a group.4. Du
8、ring the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities.【词汇突破】count on 依靠；fair play 公平竞争【主干识别】the American middle-class family has been transformed 主干是主谓结构被动态
9、；【其他成分】that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure 定语从句修饰middle-class family；During the past generation 和 by economic risk and new realities 做状语；【微观解析】the American middle-class family 为句子主语，谓语是 has been transformed；During the past generation 和 by economic risk
10、and new realities 为状语；that 引导一个定语从句，that 在从句中做主语，谓语为 could count on， 宾语为 hard work and fair play；to keep itself financially secure 为状语。【难点揭秘】主语后接了较长的修饰成份使这个句子在阅读时主干不容易把握。造成理解的困难。【译文赏析】在过去的20多年时间里，那些曾经依靠辛勤工作和公平竞争就可以保证自己财政收支安全的美国中产阶级家庭已经被经济风险和新的现实所改变。（定语从句前置的翻译方法来处理这个句子）5.Much of the language used to
11、describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy to a soft landing“ or “a touch on the brakes“ , makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth.【词汇突破】steer 指挥，控制precise 精确的【主干识别】Much of the language makes it sound like precise science.主+谓+宾+宾补结构【其他成分】used to de
12、scribe monetary policy 过去分词短语做后置定语修饰 the language；such as “steering the economy to a soft landing ”or “ a touch on the brakes”形容词短语；形容词短语做后置定语修饰the language。【难点揭秘】主语后接了较长的修饰成份使这个句子在阅读时主干不容易把握。造成理解的困难。【译文赏析】有很多用于描述货币政策的词汇，例如“操纵经济软着陆“或者“轻踩刹车“，使货币政策听起来像是一门精确的科学。没有什么比这更远离实际情况的了。 （但这些说法是最不靠谱的，事情远非如此用来表示强
13、烈的反对 这与 i cannt agree with you more 有异曲同工之妙）【翻译点拨】第二个句子的翻译中可以使用正话反说的方法来进行翻译，在肯定和否定之间进行转换。可以参考下面的两个例子：（1）An opportunity is not likely to repeat itself. 机会难得。（2）Such things are of no rare occurrence. 这些事情经常发生。【作文】用于批驳对方的时候就可以用：Nothing could be further from the truth.6.On another level, many in the med
14、ical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.【词汇突破】agony 痛苦despair 绝望prolong 延长【主干识别】many acknowledge that +宾语从句 （many 作为代词表示很多人，或者很多个体）【其他成分】On another level 做状语和 in
15、the medical community 做定语；the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled by the despair of patients 为宾语从句主干；特别提示：fuel 本来意思是燃料，但是这里可以理解为由于，因为，加剧的意思；为了以后阅读理解更透彻，可以直接把结构A is fueled by B 理解为：A 是结果；B 是原因例句：Chinas success is fueled by the age of globlization.【微观解析】in part 宾语从句中的状语，for whom modern medicine ha
16、s prolonged the physical agony of dying.定语从句修饰 patients; 定语从句还原为一个独立的句子就是：Modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying for them. 这个句子中的 them 和前面句子中的 patients 为相同名词，因此在这里作者将其写成了一个定语从句，但是在翻译的时候是要分译的。这句话在定语从句的前世和今生：suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients.The modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying for them.(两个句子中出现了共有的名词 patients 和 them,于是them 被换成了 whom ；for whom 一并提前。)【难点揭秘】同样是隔离结构在阅读的过程中给我们带来不舒服的感觉，in part 放到了 fueled 和 by 之间，
