《2012中国应对气候变化报告(英汉对照)》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2012中国应对气候变化报告(英汉对照)（11页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、2012 中国应对气候变化报告（英汉对照）二、适应气候变化II. Adapting to Climate Change2011 年以来，中国政府积极采取措施，提高了重点领域适应气候变化的能力，减轻了气候变化对经济社会发展和人民生产生活的不利影响。In 2011 and 2012, the Chinese government took effective measures to enhance the capability of key sectors to adapt to climate change and reduced the negative impact of climate c
2、hange on economic and social development, production and the peoples welfare. （一）农业领域(I) Agriculture农业部大力推动农田水利基本建设，提升农业综合生产能力。推动大规模旱涝保收标准农田建设。开展了大型灌区续建配套与大型灌溉排水泵站更新改造，扩大农业灌溉面积、提高灌溉效率。培育并推广产量高、品质优良的抗旱、抗涝、抗高温、抗病虫害等抗逆品种，进一步加大农作物良种补贴力度，加快推进良种培育、繁殖、推广一体化进程，目前全国主要农作物良种覆盖率达到 95%以上，良种对粮食增产贡献率达到 40%左右。The M
3、inistry of Agriculture has energetically pursued the consolidation of farmland and water conservation infrastructure and the overall improvement of agricultural productivity. It encouraged the large-scale construction of farmland capable of producing stable yields despite drought or flood conditions
4、. It developed new large-scale irrigation areas and renovated existing facilities, including irrigation and drainage pump stations, to expand the area under irrigation and improve irrigation efficiency. It continued to promote the cultivation of high quality seed varieties with high yield potential
5、and resistance to drought, flooding, high temperature, diseases and pests. It increased subsidies to accelerate the cultivation, reproduction and dissemination of superior crop strains. Currently, more than 95 percent of the farmland used for planting major crops nationwide is sown with superior str
6、ains, contributing about 40 percent of the increase in grain output. 积极组织节水农业技术模式创新，突出工程、设备、生物、农艺和管理等措施在田间的组装集成，总结提出了区域性骨干技术模式。示范推广了全膜双垄集雨沟播、膜下滴灌、测墒节灌等九大节水技术模式，建设节水农业示范基地，水分生产力比“十一五”之前提高 10%30%，促进了旱区粮食稳定增产、农民持续增收。The ministry has proactively advanced innovation in water-saving agricultural technolog
7、y, focusing on the integration of engineering, infrastructure, biology, agronomy and management techniques, and the promotion of regionally-applicable core technology. Nine water-saving technologies were demonstrated and promoted, including full plastic film mulching on double ridges and planting in
8、 catchment furrows, under-mulch drip irrigation and soil moisture-based on-demand irrigation. Water-saving agricultural demonstration bases were constructed around the country, and water productivity increased by 10-30 percent over the period prior to the implementation of the 11th Five-Year Plan (2
9、006-2010). These efforts have helped ensure a steady increase of grain output in drought-stricken areas and continuous income growth for farmers. （二）林业及生态系统(II) Forestry and the Ecosystem林业局发布了林业应对气候变化“十二五”行动要点，提出了 4 项林业适应气候变化主要行动，着力加强森林抚育经营和森林火灾、林业微生物防控，优化森林结构，改善森林健康状况。贯彻落实国务院办公厅关于做好自然保护区管理有关工作的通知，
10、严格限制自然保护区内的开发建设活动，强化监督管理，进一步加强国家重要生态区域和生物多样性关键地区保护。加强野生动植物保护和自然保护区建设，截至 2011 年底，新增国家级自然保护区 23 处，林业系统自然保护区已达 2126 处，总面积达 1.23 亿公顷，占全国国土面积的 12.78%。完成了 80%以上国土面积的湿地资源调查任务，实施全国湿地保护工程项目 39 个，建设湿地保护管理站点 100 多处，新增湿地保护面积 33 万公顷，恢复湿地 2.3 万公顷，新增 4 处国际重要湿地和 68 处国家湿地公园试点。发布了中国国际重要湿地生态状况公报，初步构建了湿地生态系统健康价值功能评价指标体
11、系，进一步加强了湿地恢复与保护。The State Forestry Administration published the Action Points for Chinas Forestry Departments in Response to Climate Change During the 12th Five Year Plan (2011-2015) Period, in which it sets out four major actions to be taken by forestry supervision authorities nationwide to adapt t
12、o climate change, including intensified efforts in forest management, prevention of forest fires and control of harmful pests, forest structure optimization, and improvement of forest health. Governments at all levels have fully implemented the Circular of the General Office of the State Council on
13、Strengthening Management of Nature Reserves. Stringent measures have been taken to control development of nature reserves across the country. Supervision and management have been strengthened to better protect major ecological zones and key areas of biological diversity around the country. The gover
14、nment has improved its efforts to protect wild life and ensure the sound construction of nature reserves. By the end of 2011, the country had had 23 new state-level nature reserves. Forestry authorities nationwide had a total of 2,126 nature reserves under management, covering an area of 123 million
15、 hectares and accounting for 12.78 percent of the nations total land area. The government completed a survey of wetland resources in different provincial-level regions accounting for more than 80 percent of the countrys land area, implemented 39 wetland protection programs nationwide, constructed mo
16、re than 100 stations for wetland protection and management, brought 330,000 hectares of new wetland under protection, restored 23,000 hectares of existing wetland, established four new wetlands of international importance and developed 68 pilot national wetland parks. The government published the Communiqu on the Biological Status of Chinese Wetlands of International Importance, which includes an index for evaluating the biological health of Chinas wetlands that is of great help in
