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1、I基于基于 ARMARM 的门禁系统优化设计研究的门禁系统优化设计研究摘要为了满足信息时代用户对建筑内部安全性的需求，智能门禁系统应运而生。新一代的门禁系统以智能卡来控制门锁的开启，集成了电脑技术、电子技术、机械技术、和 ARM 技术于一体，使卡与锁之间实现完整“对话”功能，开创了门禁管理的新概念，它不仅给使用者带来了极大的方便，而且也给管理者提供了更安全、更快捷、更自动化的管理模式。为此，本文对一种基于 ARM 技术的门禁系统进行了优化设计研究。首先对基于 ARM 技术的门禁系统进行总体规划，设计了射频 IC 读卡器的电路原理图，通过软件生成 PCB 板。读卡器主要由 RS485 通信接口、
2、射频天线、读卡模块及单片机控制系统组成，能读写 Philips 公司的 Mifare 非接触式智能射频卡，读卡距离相对较远。当读卡范围内没有卡片时，系统显示时钟，当读卡范围内出现卡片时则系统读取卡内数据并将卡号信息显示在液晶显示器上，同时做出反应。结合本设计采用了线圈天线，深入研究 ARM 天线的接收电路、EMC 过滤器以及天线匹配电路等构成，并从调谐频率和品质因素 Q 两方面设计读写器天线，设计优化了天线耦合电路。其次针对设备组网应用要求，门禁终端通信在结合门禁读卡器研究了RS485 的网络拓扑结构的基础上采用 RS485 总线，通过 PC 机与 RS485 接口组成通信网络系统。在普通情况
3、下读卡器独立工作，PC 机则会每隔一定时间访问读卡器，读卡器上的时钟统一用 PC 机上的时钟校准，并读取存储器内的读卡数据，从而实现数据的及时处理。第三，设计单片机的包看门狗、数据存储、液晶显示和实时时钟等在内的外围模块电路，为了节约了单片机的 I/O 接口从而采用串口设计如 SPI、I2C 等。同时结合门禁系统设计门禁控制电路，对相应设备进行选材。为了满足 ARM 门禁系统总体设计要求，对软件设计时采用模块化设计，通过对 MF RC500 芯片的特性及操作流程进行研究，完成了主程序的流程图和各个模块子程序，底层控制软件使用 C51 语言开发了读写器，最后进行程序调试，结果符合设计要求。关键词
4、：门禁系统、ARM、电子狗、MF RC500、串口通信IIAbstractIn order to meet user demand for construction of internal security, emerge as the times require intelligent entrance guard system. Access control system is a new generation of control door to smart card open, integrated computer technology, electronic technology,
5、 mechanical technology, and ARM technology on the whole, the card and the lock between the “dialogue“ to achieve a complete function, creating a new concept of access control management, it will not only give users a great convenience, but also to the managers to provide a safer, faster, more automa
6、ted management pattern. Therefore, in this paper a kind of access control system based on ARM technology were studied to optimize the design.The general planning of access control system based on ARM technology, design the RF IC card reader read circuit diagram, generated by software PCB plate. The
7、card reader is mainly composed of a RS485 communication interface, the antenna, RF card reader module and single-chip microcomputer control system, can read and write Philips company Mifare contactless smart card, the card is relatively far away from the. When the card is not card range, the system
8、clock, when the card in card, the system reads the card data will be displayed in the LCD, at the same time response. Combined with the design of the coil antenna, in-depth study of ARM antenna receiving circuit, EMC filter and antenna matching circuit structure, and two aspects of reader antenna fr
9、om the frequency and quality factor Q tuning, optimization design of the antenna coupling circuit.Aiming at the application of networking equipment requirements, access terminal communication read on the network topology based on RS485 by using RS485 bus card in conjunction with access control, cons
10、tituting the communication network through the PC and RS485 interface. Reader work independently under ordinary circumstances, PC will be at a certain time access card reader, card clock by clock calibration device on the PC machine, and to read the memory card data, in order to achieve the timely p
11、rocessing of data.Third, single packet watchdog, data storage, liquid crystal display and real-time clock and other peripheral circuit module, I/O interface, in order to save the microcontroller and the serial design such as SPI, I2C etc. At the same time, the access control circuit, carries on the
12、selection of the corresponding equipment.IIIIn order to meet the requirements of the overall design of the ARM control system, the software design uses the modular design, through research on the characteristics and operation process of MF RC500 chip, the flow chart of main program and each module s
13、ubprogram, the use of C51 language to develop the reader the underlying software control, finally the debugging process, the results meet the design requirements.KeywodsKeywods：Access control system, ARM electronic dog, MF, RC500, serial communicationIV目录摘要 .IABSTRACT.II第 1 章 绪论.1 1.1 课题背景及意义.1 1.2国内外研究发展现状.2 1.3 本文主要研究内容.3第 2 章 门禁相关技术.5第 3 章 基于 ARM 的门禁系统硬件优化设计.16 3.1 系统总体结构设计.16 3.1.1 系统设计的基本要求.16 3.1.
