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1、状语从句状语从句一 状语从句的种类 1 状语从句的种类 用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可 分为： 1.时间状语从句；(adverbial clause of time) 2.地点状语从句；(adverbial clause of place) 3.原因状语从句；(adverbial clause of cause) 4.条件状语从句；(adverbial clause of condition) 5.目的状语从句；(adverbial clause of purpose) 6.让步状语从句；(adverbial clause of concessi
2、on) 7.比较状语从句；(adverbial clause of comparison) 8.程度状语从句；(adverbial clause of degree) 9.方式状语从句；(adverbial clause of manner) 10.结果状语从句。(adverbial clause of result) 2 状语从句的时态特点 一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”，用 “现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。例如： I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话。（这是由
3、 as soon as 引导的时间状语从句，从句中的谓语动词 arrive 是一般现在时，表示一般将来时，决不 可用 will arrive） As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. 我一完成此工作，就回家。（从句中 的谓语动词用现在完成时 have finished，表示将来完成时,决不可用 will have finished） If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回来了，请通知我。（从句中的谓语动词用 comes back,表示一般将来时，决不可用 will come back
4、） 二 时间状语从句 3 时间状语从句（adverbial clause of time） 1.由 when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句。例如： When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.当你以为自己一无 所知的时候，你就是在开始知道一些事物了。 When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out
5、, it blows up everything with it.当真理被埋在地下的时候， 它在生长，它感到压抑，它蓄存着这么一种爆炸性力量，一旦冒出，它就会炸破一切！ Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim. 我游泳的时候，请你照看一下我的衣服。 You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it. 当你的手在空气中挥动的时 候，你就能感觉到空气在流动。 Our headmaster laughed as
6、 she spoke.我们的校长边谈边笑。 【区别】when, while 和 as 的区别：when 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词， 又可以是瞬时动词。并且 when 有时表示“就在那时”。例如： When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我在吃饭。(瞬时动词) When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当的住在农村时，我 常常为他担水。（延续性的动词） We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那
7、时他进来了。 While 引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者 相对应）。并且 while 有时还可以表示对比。例如： While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading 是延续性的 动词，was reading 和 was watching 同时发生) I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。 （对比） As 表示“一边一边”，as 引导的动作是延续性的动作，
8、一般用于主句和从句动作同时发 生；as 也可以强调“一先一后。例如： We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。（as 表示“一边一边”） As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as 强调句中两个 动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间） 2.由 before 和 after 引导的时间状语从句。注意 before 引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语， 并且当 before 引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的 时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果 bef
9、ore 引导的从句谓语用的是过去 时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After 表示主句动作发生 在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与 before 引导的从句相反。例如： It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。 Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。 My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿
10、 大了。 They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他们结婚还不到四个 月就离婚了。 After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你 是怎样决定的。 After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我们回家了。（从句用过 去完成时，主句用一般过去时） 3.由 till 或 until 引导的时间状语从句。till 和 until 一般情况下两者可以互换，
11、但是在强调句 型中多用 until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式； 如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。 例如： I didnt go to bed until（till） my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。 It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他 才开始教我英语。 I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。 I didnt wor
12、k until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。 Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。 4.由 since 引导的时间状语从句。 since 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又 可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完 成时。但在 It is 时间since 从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。例如： I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。 Where have you been since I last saw you?
13、自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？ It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。 It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。 5.由 as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等 引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一就”。例如： I will go there directly I have finish
14、ed my breakfast. 吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。 The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地 点。 As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。 【注意】hardly(scarcely, rarely)when / before, no soonerthan 相当于 as soon as 之 意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当 hardly, scarcely, rarely 和 no sooner 位于
15、句首时，主句应用倒装语序。例如： He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家， 就被邀请开始另一旅程。 No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起，他就起床劳动去了。 Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下，他就进来了。 He had hardly fallen
16、asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要 入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。 6.由 by the time 引导的时间状语从句。注意时态的变化：在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语 动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时， 主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。例如： By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时，我已经写完这本书了。 By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候， 我将已经完成此工作了。 7.由 each time, every time 和 whenever 引导的时间状语从句。例如： Each time he came to Harbin,
